Canada

Currently 50.00% of realized capital gains are taxed in Canada at an individual's tax rate. Some exceptions apply, such as selling one's primary residence which may be exempt from taxation.[2] Capital gains made by investments in a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA), are not taxed.

For example, if your capital gains (profit) is $100, you're only taxed on $50 at your marginal tax rate. That is, if you were in the top tax bracket you'd be taxed at approx 43%. Formula for this example using the top tax bracket would be as follows:

Capital gain x 50.00% x marginal tax rate = capital gain tax

= $100 x 50.00% x 43%

= $50 x 43%

= $21.50

In this example your capital gains tax on $100 is $21.50, leaving you with $78.50.

The formula is the same for capital losses and these can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future years' capital gains; capital losses not used in the current year can also be carried back to the previous three tax years to offset capital gains tax paid in those years.

Corporations who earn capital gains are taxed at their full marginal rate - there is no 50% deduction for them as in the case of individuals. If more than 50% of a small business's income is derived from specified investment business activities (which include income from capital gains) they are not even allowed to claim the small business deduction.

Capital gains earned on income in an RRSP are not taxed at the time the gain is realized (i.e. when the holder sells a stock that has appreciated inside of their RRSP) but they are taxed when the funds are withdrawn from the registered plan (usually after converting to a registered income fund.) These gains are then taxed at the individual's full marginal rate.

Unrealized capital gains are not taxed.