Glossary of "DARK LIQUIDITY IN THE CANADIAN MARKET"
posted on
Nov 19, 2010 01:54PM
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Glossary Broker Preferencing:
A marketplace feature that allows orders from the same
participant or subscriber to execute ahead of other orders posted at the same price in a central limit order book.
Call Market:
A market in which each transaction takes place at pre-determined
time intervals and where all of the bid and ask orders are aggregated and transacted at once. The marketplace determines the market clearing price based on the number of bid and ask orders. The market clearing price is the price at which the most number of orders will trade.
Dark Pool:
A marketplace that offers no pre-trade transparency on any orders.
Dark Order:
An order on any marketplace which is entered with no pre-trade
transparency.
Indications of Interest (IOI):
IOIs include messages sent from a marketplace that
contain certain information about resting orders on that marketplace. Information contained in an IOI may include information on one or more of, but not all of; symbol, side, size or price.
Liquidity Seeking Orders:
“Active” orders passing through a Dark Pool on the way to
another marketplace, or interacting with liquidity on a transparent marketplace.
Market Impact Costs:
The costs that are incurred when the execution of an order
moves the price of that security above the target price for a buy order, or below the target price for a sell order.
Marketplace Participant
: A member of an exchange, a user of a quotation and trade
reporting system, or a subscriber of an ATS (as defined in section 1.1 of NI 21-101).
Market Pegged Order:
An order that is priced and re-priced as necessary to equal, or to
be higher or lower than a reference bid, offer, or mid-point between a bid and an offer.
Mid-Point Match:
an execution mechanism that derives the price from the mid-point
of the NBBO.
National Best Bid and Offer or NBBO:
In respect of a particular security, the best bid
and offer of a standard trading unit across all transparent marketplaces not inclusive of Special Terms Orders 19
Post-trade Transparency:
Refers to the ability of the public to see information about the
price and volume of a trade after it has been executed. Information includes the volume, symbol, price, and time of the order.
Pre-trade Transparency:
Refers to the ability of the public to see information about
orders posted on a marketplace. Information includes the volume, symbol, price and time of the order.
Price Discovery:
The process of determination of market prices through the
interactions of buyers and sellers.
Reserve Order (Iceberg Order):
An order that displays only a portion of its total
volume at a price at which the participant is willing to trade. When the visible portion of the order is executed, an additional visible order is automatically generated by the trading system of the marketplace drawing from the total size and decreasing the amount of the reserve.
Smart Order Router:
A technological tool that scans multiple marketplaces for the
best-displayed price and then routes orders to that marketplace for execution.
Special Terms Order:
An order that is less than a standard trading unit, or is subject to a
condition other than price or being settled on the third business day following the trade unless specified by the marketplace.
Upstairs Market:
Where large blocks of shares are either worked by dealers who try
to cross them with other client orders on an agency basis, or with inventory orders using their liability capital on a proprietary basis. These orders are usually entirely or partially withheld from the public marketplaces while being worked.