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Formula: System: Colour: Lustre: Hardness: Name:
Au
IsometricRich yellow, paling to ...
Metallic2½ - 3
From Anglo-Saxon "gold", yellow; Latin "aurum".


Copper Group. Gold-Silver Series and Gold-Palladium Series.

A native element and precious metal, Gold has long been prized for its beauty, resistance to chemical attack and workability. As it is found as a native element, has a relatively low melting point (1063 degrees Celsius) and is malleable, it has been used by mankind for thousands of years.

Gold is used as a standard for international currency and is also widely used in jewelry, electronics (where its superb properties as a conductor help offset its tremendous cost), dentistry and in photographic processes.

Gold occurs in significant amounts in three main types of deposits: veins of hydrothermal and related origin; in consolidated placer deposits, and in unconsolidated placer deposits. It may also occur in granitic pegmatites, in contact metamorphic deposits, and in hypo-thermal deposits. It is commonly found as disseminated grains in Quartz veins with Pyrite and other sulphides, or as rounded grains, flakes or nuggets in placer deposits and in streams and rivers. Gold is often panned from such deposits by taking advantage of its high density to wash away the lighter sediments from a pan or sluice.

IMA status: Strunz 8th edition ID:Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID: Dana 7th edition ID: Dana 8th edition ID:Hey's CIM Ref.: mindat.org URL: Geological Setting: Lustre: Diaphaneity (Transparency): Colour: Streak: Hardness (Mohs): Hardness (Vickers): Hardness Data: Tenacity: Cleavage: Fracture: Density (measured): Density (calculated): Comment: Crystal System: Class (H-M): Space Group: Cell Parameters: Unit Cell Volume: Z: Morphology: Twinning: Crystal Atlas: Structure

Classification of Gold
Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
1/A.01-40
1.AA.05

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
A : Copper-cupalite family
1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1.5

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
http://www.mindat.org/min-1720.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Occurrences of Gold
1) Primary hydrothermal veins
2) Volcanic
3) Alluvial

Physical Properties of Gold
Metallic
Opaque
Rich yellow, paling to whitish-yellow with increasing silver; blue & green in transmitted light (only thinnest folia [gold leaf])
Shining yellow
2½ - 3
VHN10=30 - 34 kg/mm2
Measured
Malleable
None Observed
None
Hackly
15 - 19.3 g/cm3
19.309 g/cm3
Calculated density at 0° C.

Crystallography of Gold
Isometric
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Fm3m (F4/m 3 2/m)
a = 4.0786Å
V 67.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
4
Usually crude to rounded octahedra, cubes and dodecahedra to 2 cm. Often elongated along [100] or [111] directions, forming herring bone and dendritic twins. Flattened {111} plates with triangular octahedral faces. Rarely as wires ([111] elongation); reticulated; dendritic; arborescent; filiform; spongy; also massive in rounded fragments, flattened grains and scales (gold dust).
Common on (111) to give herring bone twins. Repeated on (111) to give stacks of spinel twins that form hexagonal wires.
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Gold no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Gold no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Gold no.4 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Gold no.17 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Gold no.46 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Gold no.47 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
{111}
Haüy, 1801, and many others. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923.

About Crystal Atlas

You may need to scroll this box using your mouse to view the full instructions.

The mindat.org Crystal Atlas allows you to view a selection of crystal drawings of real and idealised crystal forms for this mineral and, in certain cases, 3d rotating crystal objects. You need Java to see these. You can download Java for free - click here to download Java

The 3d models and java code are kindly provided by www.smorf.nl. You can control the movement of the models by holding down the left mouse-button over the 3d model and moving your mouse. Keyboard controls are:

: default positions
t/T : decrease/increase transparency x/X : next/previous texture
b/B : next/previous background w : toggle wireframe
s : toggle sticks m : toggle miller indices
k : toggle crystallographic axes =/- : zoom in/out
r : stop/start rotation 1/2/3


Note: You will not be able to switch between different crystal models using the Opera 8.5x web browser due to a bug in Opera - you need to use either Firefox or Internet Explorer 6/7 or Opera 9.
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

-+ Synonyms: Other Languages: Varieties: Fluorescence in UV light: Thermal Behaviour: Other Information: Health Warning: External Links Industrial Uses:


- +
1.1 Copper
Cu
1.2 Silver
Ag
1.6 Auricupride
Cu
3
Au
1.7 Tetra-auricupride
AuCu
1.8 Zinc
Zn
1.9 Cadmium
Cd
1.10 Danbaite
CuZn
2
1.11 Zhanghengite
CuZn
1.12 Mercury
Hg
1.13 Kolymite
Cu
7
Hg
6
1.14 Moschellandsbergite
Ag
2
Hg
3
1.15 Eugenite
Ag
11
Hg
2
1.16 Schachnerite
Ag
1.1
Hg
0.9
1.17 Paraschachnerite
Ag
3
Hg
2
1.18 Luanheite
Ag
3
Hg
1.19 Weishanite
(Au,Ag)
3
Hg
2
1.20 Indium
In
1.21 Aluminium
Al
1.22 Khatyrkite
(Cu,Zn)Al
2
1.23 Cupalite
(Cu,Zn)Al
1.24 Diamond
C
1.25 Graphite
C
1.26 Chaoite
C
1.27 Lonsdaleite
C
1.28 Silicon
Si
1.29 Tin
Sn
1.30 Lead
Pb
1.31 Anyuiite
Au(Pb,Sb)
2
1.31 Novodneprite
AuPb
3
1.32 Leadamalgam
HgPb
2
1.33 Arsenic
As
1.34 Arsenolamprite
As
1.35 Paxite
CuAs
2
1.36 Koutekite
Cu
5
As
2
1.37 Domeykite
Cu
3
As
1.38 Algodonite
(Cu
1-x
As
x
)
1.39 Novakite
Cu
20
AgAs
10
1.40 Kutinaite
Cu
2
AgAs
1.41 Antimony
Sb
1.42 Stibarsen
AsSb
1.43 Paradocrasite
Sb
3
As
1.44 Horsfordite
1.45 Cuprostibite
Cu
2
(Sb,Tl)
1.46 Allargentum
(Ag
1-x
Sb
x
)
1.47 Aurostibite
AuSb
2
1.48 Dyscrasite
Ag
3
Sb
1.49 Bismuth
Bi
1.50 Maldonite
Au
2
Bi
1.51 Sulphur
S
8
1.52 Rosickýite
S
1.53 Selenium
Se
1.54 Tellurium
Te
1.55 Chromium
Cr
1.56 Rhenium
Re
1.57 Iron
Fe
1.58 Chromferide
Fe
3
Cr
1-x
(x=0.6)
1.59 Ferchromide
Cr
1.5
Fe
0.5-x
1.60 Wairauite
CoFe
1.61 Nickel
Ni
1.62 Kamacite
(Fe,Ni)
1.63 Taenite
(Fe,Ni)
1.64 Tetrataenite
FeNi
1.65 Awaruite
Ni
3
Fe
1.66 Palladium
(Pd,Pt)
1.67 Potarite
PdHg
1.68 Paolovite
Pd
2
Sn
1.69 Stannopalladinite
(Pd,Cu)
3
Sn
2
1.70 Cabriite
Pd
2
SnCu
1.71 Taimyrite
(Pd,Cu,Pt)
3
Sn
1.72 Atokite
(Pd,Pt)
3
Sn
1.73 Rustenburgite
(Pt,Pd)
3
Sn
1.74 Zvyagintsevite
(Pd,Pt,Au)
3
(Pb,Sn)
1.75 Plumbopalladinite
Pd
3
Pb
2
1.76 Osmium
(Os,Ir,Ru)
1.77 Iridium
(Ir,Os,Ru)
1.82 Platinum
Pt
1.83 Hongshiite
PtCu
1.84 Niggliite
PtSn
1.85 Isoferroplatinum
Pt
3
Fe
1.86 Tetraferroplatinum
PtFe
1.87 Tulameenite
Pt
2
CuFe
1.88 Ferronickelplatinum
Pt
2
FeNi
1.89 Rhodium
(Rh,Pt)
1.1.1.2 Silver
Ag
1.1.1.3 Copper
Cu

Other Names for Gold
Native Gold Qori Sol
Afrikaans: Albanian: Amharic: Arabic: Armenian: Asturian: Aymara: Azeri: Basque: Belarusian: Bengali: Bishnupriya Manipuri: Bosnian (Latin Script): Bulgarian: Catalan: Cherokee: Chuvash: Corsican: Croatian: Czech: Danish: Dutch: Erzya: Esperanto: Estonian: Finnish: French: Friulian: Galician: Gan: Georgian: German: Greek: Guarani: Gujarati: Haitian: Hakka: Hebrew: Hindi: Hungarian: Icelandic: Ido: Indonesian: Irish Gaelic: Italian: Japanese: Javanese: Kannada: Kapampangan: Kazakh (Cyrillic Script): Kongo: Korean: Kurdish (Latin Script): Latin: Latvian: Limburgian: Lingala:
Goud
Ari
ወርቅ
ذهب
Ոսկի
Oru
Quri
Qızıl
Urre
Золата
সোনা
ঔরো
Zlato
Злато
Or
ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ
Ылтăн
Oru
Zlato
Zlato
Guld
Goud
Сырне
Oro
Kuld
Kulta
Or
Or natif
Aur
Ouro
金
ოქრო
Gediegen Gold
Χρυσός
Kuarepotiju
સોનું
Lò
Kîm
זהב
सोना
Arany
Gull
Oro
Emas
Ór
Oro
Oro nativo
金
自然金
Emas
ಚಿನ್ನ
Gintu
Алтын
Wolo
금
Zêr
Aurum
Zelts
Goud
Wólo
Lithuanian: Lojban: Low Saxon: Luxembourgish: Macedonian: Malay: Malayalam: Manx: Marathi: Min Nan: Mongolian (Cyrillic Script): Nahuatl: Norman: Norwegian (Bokmål): Norwegian (Nynorsk): Novial: Occitan: Persian: Polish: Portuguese: Quechua: Ripuarian: Romanian: Russian: Sanskrit: Scottish Gaelic: Serbian (Cyrillic Script): Serbo-Croatian: Sicilian: Simplified Chinese: Slovak: Slovenian: Spanish: Swahili: Swedish: Tagalog: Tajik (Cyrillic Script): Tamil: Telugu: Thai: Traditional Chinese: Turkish: Ukrainian: Urdu: Uzbek (Latin Script): Venetian: Vietnamese: Welsh: Yiddish: Zazaki: Zhuang: Zulu:
Auksas
solji
Gold
Gold
Злато
Emas
സ്വര്‍ണ്ണം
Airh
सोने
Au
Алт
Cōztic teōcuitlatl
Or
Gull
Gull
Ore
Aur
طلا
Złoto
Ouro
Quri
Jold
Aur
Золото
सुवर्णम्
Òr
Злато
Zlato
Oru
金
Zlato
Zlato
Oro
Oro nativo
Dhahabu
Guld
Gediget Guld
Ginto
Зар
தங்கம்
బంగారం
ทองคำ
金
Altın
Золото
سونا
Oltin
Oro
Vàng
Aur
גאלד
Zern
Gim
Igolide
Argentian Mercurian Gold Argentocuproaurite Argentocuproaurite-I Argentocuproaurite-II Bismuthian Gold
Cuprian Gold Electrum Mercurian Gold Palladian Gold Porpezite
Rhodite

Other Information
none
Melting Point: 1062.4° ± 0.8°
Completely soluble with Copper. Insoluble in acids except aqua regia, with incomplete separation if more than 20% of silver is present.

Reported as spongy alteration pseudomorphs after Calaverite (Cripple Creek).
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Search for toxicity information at the United States National Library of Medicine
Electrical conductor, transparent reflective coating, jewelry, dentistry, coinage, decorative coatings
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