Interesting, the CS article also brings up some ideas for integrated optics I didn't have on my radar yet:

Beyond the Internet and telecommunications, integrated photonics is expected to be important in medical technology – from the development of “needleless” technologies for monitoring diabetics’ blood sugar levels to tiny cameras smaller than pills that can travel within arteries. It is also hoped that ntegrated photonic technology will make human genomes sequencing cheaper bringing it well below $1,000 as compared to $5,000 today.