In Ontario you get the right to explore for 'subsurface' minerals when you 'stake a claim'. Surface deposits such as sand and gravel belong to the government and are not covered when you stake a claim. Sand and gravel DO NOT belong to the owner of the claim.
If you or I want to set up a 'gravel pit' on someones claim you apply to the goverment, meet their requirements and if they grant you a permit you pay royalties on production.
When you own a claim you do not own or control surface rights. The government does and they can grant those rights to anyone they want to.
... Been There