Typical world-class magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits are associated with a layered intrusive complex.

Most of these deposits are associated with mafic-ultramafic layered complexes such as the Lake Doré Complex in Chibougamau, Quebec; the Windimurra Complex in Australia; the Panzhihua layered intrusion in China and the Bushveld Complex in South Africa.

The Rhovan mine of Xstrata Alloys is a primary vanadium producer situated within the Western Lobe of the Bushveld Complex. The mine is located some 35 km ENE of Rustenburg, South Africa. The vanadium mineral resource and ore reserve of Rhovan mine reported by Xstrata Alloys as of September 2007 (Xstrata Alloys, 2008) are:

Proved Ore Reserves – 39.2 Mt @ 0.51% V2O5

Probable Ore Reserves – 10.5 Mt @ 0.53% V2O5

Measured Mineral Resources – 64.4 Mt @ 0.51% V2O5

Indicated Mineral Resources – 13.7 Mt @ 0.53% V2O5

Inferred Mineral Resources – 124.9 Mt @ 0.51% V2O5

The Lake Doré Vanadium deposit is estimated to 100.0 Mt grading 0.49% V2O5 including 32.2 Mt of measured resources at 0.65% V2O5 (Girard and Allard, 1998).

The Windimurra Vanadium deposit, discovered in 1961, is located some 80 km ESE of the Mount Magnet, Murchison area in Western Australia.A JORC (Australasian Joint Ore Reserves Committee) compliant measured and indicated resource as reported by Precious Metals Australia Ltd in 2007 (Precious Metals Australia Ltd Annual Report 2007) of 93.73 Mt at 0.47% V2O5 with an additional inferred resources of 55.10 Mt at 0.44% V2O5; and a probable and proved reserve of 79.0 Mt at 0.47% V2O5.

The Panzhihua Gabbroic Layered Intrusion (PGLI) hosts several Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits located in the Sichuan Province, south-western China.The mine has produced since the 1960s 134 Mt of ore grading 45% FeO, 12% TiO2 and 0.3% V2O5 and hosts reserves estimated to 1,199 Mt of ore (Zhou et al., 2005).

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