NI 43-101 & 43-101F1 Report in Full
posted on
Aug 18, 2008 11:13AM
NI 43-101 Update (September 2012): 11.1 Mt @ 1.68% Ni, 0.87% Cu, 0.89 gpt Pt and 3.09 gpt Pd and 0.18 gpt Au (Proven & Probable Reserves) / 8.9 Mt @ 1.10% Ni, 1.14% Cu, 1.16 gpt Pt and 3.49 gpt Pd and 0.30 gpt Au (Inferred Resource)
TECHNICAL REPORT AND RESOURCE ESTIMATE ON THE EAGLE ONE DEPOSIT DOUBLE EAGLE PROPERTY MCFAULDS LAKE AREA JAMES BAY LOWLANDS, ONTARIO LATITUDE 52 ⁰45’ N, LONGITUDE -86⁰17’ W
For NORONT RESOURCES LTD. By P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NI 43-101 & 43-101F1 TECHNICAL REPORT Ms. Tracy Armstrong, P.Geo Mr. Eugene Puritch, P.Eng Mr. Antoine Yassa, P. Geo. P & E Mining Consultants Inc Report No. 149 Effective Date: July 3, 2008 Signing Date: August 14, 2008 IMPORTANT NOTICE This report was prepared as a National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report, in accordance with Form 43-101F1, for Noront Resources Limited (“Noront”) by P&E Mining Consultants Inc (“P&E”). The quality of information, conclusions and estimates contained herein is consistent with the level of effort involved in P&E’s services and based on: i) information available at the time of preparation, ii) data supplied by outside sources, and iii) the assumptions, conditions, and qualifications set forth in this report. This report is intended to be used by Noront, subject to the terms and conditions of its contract with P&E. This contract permits Noront to file this report as a Technical Report with Canadian Securities Regulatory Authorities pursuant to National Instrument 43-101, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. Any other use of this report by any third party is at that party’s sole risk. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................... i 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE ....................................... 1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE ....................................... 1.2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ....................................... 1.3 UNITS AND CURRENCY ....................................... 2.0 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS ....................................... 3.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND TENURE ....................................... 4.0 LOCATION, ACCESS, CLIMATE, PHYSIOGRAPHY & INFRASTRUCTURE....7 4.1 LOCATION AND ACCESS ....................................... 4.2 CLIMATE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY ....................................... 4.3 INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................... 5.0 HISTORY AND PREVIOUS EXPLORATION ....................................... 5.1 HISTORY ....................................... 5.2 PREVIOUS FEASIBILITY STUDIES ....................................... 5.3 PREVIOUS METALLURGICAL TESTING ....................................... 6.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING ....................................... 6.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY ....................................... 6.1.1 PRECAMBRIAN GEOLOGY ....................................... 6.1.2 PALEOZOIC GEOLOGY ....................................... 6.1.3 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY ....................................... 6.2 LOCAL AND PROPERTY GEOLOGY ....................................... 7.0 DEPOSIT TYPES ....................................... 7.1 MAGMATIC NICKEL-COPPER-PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS TYPE ....................................... 7.2 MAFIC TO ULTRAMAFIC-HOSTED CHROMITE DEPOSIT TYPE .......21 7.2.1 BLACKBIRD ONE CHROMITE DEPOSIT ....................................... 7.2.2 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHROMITE MINING ....................................... 7.3 VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULPHIDE TYPE ....................................... 8.0 MINERALIZATION ....................................... 8.1 MASSIVE SULPHIDES ....................................... 8.2 SULPHIDE BRECCIA (DURCHBEWEGUNG TECTURE) .........................28 8.3 SEMI-MASSIVE SULPHIDE ....................................... 8.4 NET TEXTURED SULPHIDES ....................................... 8.5 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALIZATION MODEL ....................................30 9.0 EXPLORATION ....................................... 9.1 2003 FUGRO AIRBORNE SURVEY ....................................... 9.2 2004 GROUND MAGNETIC AND HORIZONTAL LOOP EM SURVEY ..31 9.3 2006 CONDOR DIAMOND CORP IN-FILL GROUND MAGNETIC SURVEY ....................................... 9.4 2006 PROBE DIAMOND DRILL PROGRAM ....................................... 9.5 2007 NORONT AEROTEM II HELICOPTER SURVEY ..............................33 9.6 2007 MAGNETICS, HLEM AND GRAVITY SURVEYS OVER EAGLE ONE DEPOSIT ....................................... 9.6.1 HLEM AND MAGNETIC SURVEYS................................ 9.6.2 GRAVITY SURVEY ....................................... 9.7 2008 MAGNETIC, VLF, HLEM, GRAVITY AND LARGE LOOP TDEM SURVEYS ....................................... 10.0 DRILLING ....................................... 11.0 SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH ....................................... 12.0 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY ....................................... 12.1 ALS CHEMEX ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL ....................................... 12.2 SGS MINERAL SERVICES ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES ......................39 13.0 DATA VERIFICATION ....................................... 13.1 SITE VISIT AND INDEPENDENT SAMPLING ....................................... 13.2 NORONT QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM ....................................... 14.0 ADJACENT PROPERTIES ....................................... 15.0 METALLURGICAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING ...........46 16.0 MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES ....................47 16.1 INTRODUCTION........................... 16.2 DATABASE ....................................... 16.3 DATA VERIFICATION ....................................... 16.4 DOMAIN INTERPRETATION ....................................... 16.5 ROCK CODE DETERMINATION ....................................... 16.6 COMPOSITES ....................................... 16.7 GRADE CAPPING ....................................... 16.8 VARIOGRAPHY ....................................... 16.9 BULK DENSITY ....................................... 16.10 BLOCK MODELING ....................................... 16.11 RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION ....................................... 16.12 RESOURCE ESTIMATE ....................................... 16.13 CONFIRMATION OF ESTIMATE ....................................... 17.0 OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION ....................................... 18.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................... 18.1 CONCLUSIONS ....................................... 18.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................... 19.0 REFERENCES ....................................... 20.0 CERTIFICATES........................... LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX-I: SURFACE DRILL HOLE PLAN ....................................... 63 APPENDIX-II: 3D DOMAINS ....................................... 65 APPENDIX-III: LOG NORMAL HISTOGRAMS ....................................... 67 APPENDIX-IV: VARIOGRAMS ....................................... 74 APPENDIX-V: Ni, Cu & NSR BLOCK MODEL CROSS SECTIONS .......................... 80 APPENDIX-VI: Ni, Cu & NSR BLOCK MODEL PLANS ....................................... 96 APPENDIX-VII: CLASSIFICATION BLOCK MODEL CROSS SECTIONS .............. 109 APPENDIX-VIII: CLASSIFICATION BLOCK MODEL PLANS ................................... 115 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Claim Map of Double Eagle Property ....................................... 5 Figure 4.1: Regional Location Map of Project Area ....................................... 9 Figure 6.1: Regional Tectonic Subdivisions of Northern Ontario ............................... 13 Figure 6.2: Regional Geology of Double Eagle Project Area ....................................... 14 Figure 6.3: Local Geology Surrounding Eagle One Deposit ....................................... 15 Figure 6.4: Simplified Geology of Eagle One Deposit ....................................... 15 Figure 6.5 Cross Section 3600 Eagle One Deposit ....................................... 16 Figure 6.6: Cross Section 3625 Eagle One Deposit ....................................... 16 Figure 7.1: Plan of General Geology of the Kambalda Camp................................... 19 Figure 7.2: 2005 Longitudinal Section of Voisey’s Bay Mine ....................................... 20 Figure 7.3: Concentration of Cr2O3 in Hole NOT-08-1G17 Blackbird One Deposit 23 Figure 7.4: Cross Section 1987 Blackbird One ....................................... 24 Figure 7.5: Cross Section 2025 Blackbird One ....................................... 24 Figure 7.6: Classic Noranda-type VMS Deposit Section................................ 27 Figure 7.7: Contours of Cu-Pb-Zn in 800 VMS Deposits ....................................... 27 Figure 13.1: Comparison of Ni Results using 3 Analytical Methods ............................. 42 Figure 13.2: Comparison of Cu Results using 3 Analytical Methods ............................ 42 Figure 13.3: Comparison of Results for Total PGE ....................................... 43 Figure 14.1: Noront Joint Venture Holdings ....................................... 45 LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1: List of Claims Double Eagle Property ....................................... 6 Table 7-1: Canadian and International Komatiite-hosted Ni Deposits ...................... 20 Table 10-1: Eagle One Significant Diamond Drill Intersections ................................... 36 Table 16-1: Grade Capping Values ....................................... 48 Table 16-2: Block Model Interpolation Parameters ....................................... 50 Table 16-3: Resource Estimate at $CDN 115/tonne NSR Cut-off Grade ..................... 53 Table 16-4: Comparison of Weighted Average Grade of Capped Assays & Composites ....................................... 54 Table 18-1: Proposed Eagle One and Double Eagle Property Budget ......................... 57 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. i Eagle One Report No. 149 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following report was prepared to provide a Technical Report compliant with the provisions of National Instrument 43-101- Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, (“NI 43-101”) and an independent Resource Estimate of the nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, gold (PGE) and silver mineralization on the Eagle One Deposit, Double Eagle Property, Sachigo Greenstone Belt, James Bay Lowlands, Ontario. This report was prepared by P&E Mining Consultants Inc., (“P&E”) at the request of Mr. Richard Nemis, President and CEO of Noront Resources Ltd., (“Noront”). Noront is a Toronto based company trading on the TSX Venture Exchange (TSX-V) under the symbol “NOT”. The Double Eagle Property consists of 178 claims for a total of 41,696 hectares. The Eagle One Deposit is situated on claim number 3012264. This claim, as well as claim number 3012265, is held 100% by Noront, subject to a 1% NSR that can be bought back at any time for $500,000. The remaining 176 claims were staked, and Noront has 100% rights to the staked claims which can be leased from the Province of Ontario if a positive decision to mine the deposit is taken. The Double Eagle Property is situated to the north and west of the Attawapiskat River some 250 kilometres west of James Bay. The Property lies in the James Bay Lowlands straddling its western limit, and approximately 250 kilometres west of the community of Attawapiskat on James Bay. Thunder Bay lies 520 kilometres to the southwest of the project area, and Timmins is located approximately 570 kilometres south-southeast. An exploration camp was initially established on the north-west corner of McFaulds Lake, which is accessible to float and ski-equipped aircraft and is situated approximately twelve kilometres north, north-east of the Eagle One Deposit. Since the discovery of the deposit, Noront has constructed a second camp known as the Esker Camp, which is located 250 metres north-east of Eagle One. Currently exploration is supported from Nakina, 300 kilometres to the south, where there is a paved, 3,880-foot airstrip, all weather road access and railroad access. The James Bay Lowlands experience long, cold winters and short, warm summers. The mean daily minimum temperature in January is approximately -27°C. Spring breakup occurs in April. Mean annual precipitation is approximately 660 millimetres, and mean annual snowfall is approximately 2400 millimetres (snow depth). The Geological Survey of Canada and the Ontario Department of Mines carried out regional studies circa 1906 and again between 1940 and 1965. The early work focused on the petroleum possibilities of the sedimentary basins in Hudson and James Bays and on industrial and fuel minerals in the Moose River Basin. In the early 1990’s, Spider Resources Inc., (“Spider”) and KWG Resources Inc., (“KWG”) commenced an ambitious, airborne magnetic-based, diamond exploration program in the northern James Bay Lowlands as joint venture partners, discovering the Good Friday and MacFayden kimberlites in the Attawapiskat cluster and an additional five kimberlites to the east. In 2002 De Beers Canada Inc., (“De Beers”) in joint venture with Spider and KWG discovered the McFaulds No. 1 volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) body while drilling some isolated magnetic anomalies in search of kimberlites. In November 2002, Spider recorded the first group of claims surrounding the initial VMS discovery and subsequent work by Spider and KWG discovered the rest of the McFaulds occurrences, including McFaulds No. 3 VMS body. Many P&E Mining Consultants Inc. ii Eagle One Report No. 149 other junior mining companies started staking in late 2002 (December) and then again during the first half of 2003. The Double Eagle claims were staked by Noront in 2003, following the VMS discovery, and a Fugro Geotem survey was flown later that year. The Condor Property, which was contiguous to the Double Eagle Property consisted of two claims which were sold to Noront in May 2007. Noront holds a 100% interest on these claims, subject to a 1% NSR Royalty, and it was in early September 2007 that Noront announced the discovery of significant Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization on the Condor claims. The deposit was named Eagle One, and the ultramafic sill occupying an unconformity between the basement granodiorite on the inside of an arc, and the volcanic belt on the outside of the arc was dubbed the “Ring of Fire”. The James Bay Lowlands are defined by flat-lying, Paleozoic platform rocks which are covered by a thin but persistent layer of glacial and periglacial sediments. The Paleozoic carbonates are up to 75 metres thick in the McFaulds Lake area and feather out toward the west. The Precambrian geology of the area is inferred from airborne geophysical data supplemented by sparse gravity and diamond drill data. Magnetic patterns suggest a basement complex comprising volcanic and sedimentary belts between large expanses of granite and gneisses. Recent work by Stott suggests that the Oxford-Stull Domain, in which the Double Eagle Property lies, comprises an older core (2870 to 2830 Ma) perhaps built on a remnant midoceanic ridge. Stott
et al
have reported that greenstone belts date between 2737 and 2695 Ma
which are comparable with data from other parts of the Superior Province. The “Ring of Fire” is clearly an emerging metal district. The McFaulds No. 1 and No. 3 VMS occurrences, Noront’s Eagle One Magmatic Sulphide Deposit, Noront’s Blackbird One Chromite Deposit and Blackbird Two Chromite Occurrence, as well as other Cu-Pb-Zn hits (results pending) by the Metalex Ventures Ltd./WSR Gold Inc. joint venture in the area leave no doubt about this. The Eagle One Deposit is a magmatic sulphide deposit. A mantle derived, highly magnetic ultramafic intrusion (“the Ring of Fire Intrusion” or “RFI”) has been emplaced along the margin of a regional scale granodiorite pluton which had been intruded into and caused a doming of the host Sachigo greenstone belt rocks. The RFI is thus situated between the granodiorite on one hand (footwall) and the surrounding Sachigo greenstone belt rocks (hangingwall) on the other. The RFI is magnetically distinct allowing it to be traced more or less uninterrupted, for tens of kilometres along the granodiorite margin. It appears that a series of conduits cutting across the granodiorite have acted as feeders to the main RFI. The Eagle One Deposit is interpreted as occurring well within the conduit feeder, at some distance from the main RFI. In addition to the Eagle One Deposit, Noront has also discovered, two kilometres south-west, the Blackbird One Chromite Deposit, the Eagle Two shear-hosted Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit (collectively also known as AT2), and most recently the Blackbird Two Chromite Occurrence. At the time of writing of this report, two drill holes had been completed on Anomaly AT12, which returned encouraging widths of visual copper-nickel-iron sulphide mineralization up to 29.2 metres in peridotite host rock. Assays are pending. Massive sulphides at the Eagle One Deposit comprise pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite, with subsidiary amounts of equant millimetric magnetite. In most examples the rocks are very
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Eagle One Report No. 149
coarse-grained, with grain sizes up to 1 centimetre and well-formed pentlandite “eyes”. There
are many instances in the deposit of medium to very fine-grained massive sulphide veins that are
rich in inclusions of silicates and which may display pronounced gneissic foliation that wraps
around the clasts, (durchbewegung texture). In some cases the massive sulphide texture grades
into peridotite through a marginal zone in which silicate minerals are completely bathed in
sulphide and are not in mutual grain contact. Much of the net-textured sulphide mineralization at
Eagle One shows a distinct metamorphic fabric. Sub-parallel wavy veinlets of sulphide minerals
are present throughout the rock, apparently the result of transfer of sulphide on the grain-scale
from the net texture into extensional features. In this texture the silicate minerals form a closelypacked
orthocumulate-textured framework, the interstices of which are fully occupied by
sulphide minerals. The large amounts of sulphide and of ultramafic cumulate make it absolutely
clear that the Eagle One deposit formed in a magmatic conduit. No magma could have carried
the observed amount of sulphide in solution; therefore the sulphides have been left behind by a
through-going volume of magma much greater than what presently remains in the intrusion.
Since Noront acquired the Double Eagle Property in 2003, and prior to the 2007 diamond drill
program undertaken by Noront, there have been a total of six airborne and ground geophysical
surveys undertaken as well as an 11 hole diamond drill program completed by Probe Mines Ltd.,
(“Probe”) in 2006.
Noront has been drilling continuously since acquiring the Condor claims in May 2007, on which
the Eagle One Deposit is situated. Thirty-five holes were drilled for a total of 5,387 metres on the
Eagle One Deposit, (none of the 11 holes drilled by Probe intersected the Eagle One Deposit).
The holes were named NOT-07-01 through NOT-08-35. Seven (7) drill cross sections were
developed for the resource model on a local grid looking north, on a 25 metre spacing named
from 3525-N to 3675-N. A Gemcom database was provided by Noront containing 29 diamond
drill holes of which 23 were utilized in the resource calculation. The remaining data were not in
the area that was modeled for this resource estimate.
From drill hole NOT-07-05 and for the remainder of the drilling, a quality control (QC) program
was set up by P&E and instituted by Noront. Holes NOT-07-01 and NOT-07-02 were not
covered by QC and holes NOT-07-03 and 04 did not intersect mineralization.
The QC program involved the insertion of two certified reference materials that monitored the
lab accuracy on the Cu, Ni and PGE analyses, blank material comprised of sterile granodiorite
drill core and field (1/4 core), coarse reject and pulp duplicates.
The QC monitoring was done on a real-time basis, and as the lab certificates were received, the
QC data were graphed to ensure results were accurate as defined by a strict protocol. All of the
data in the Master database met the QC requirements.
The resource estimate was derived from applying an NSR cut-off grade to the block model and
reporting the resulting tonnes and grade for potentially mineable areas.
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Eagle One Report No. 149
The resulting underground resource estimate at $115/tonne NSR Cut-off Grade is:
Indicated Tonnes Ni
(%)
Cu
(%)
Au
(g/t)
Pt
(g/t)
Pd
(g/t)
Ag
(g/t)
Ni lbs
millions
Cu lbs
millions
Au
(oz)
Pt
(oz)
Pd
(oz)
Ag
(oz)
Massive 233,000 6.52 3.45 0.24 1.94 12.2
1
9.75 33.4 17.7 1,800 14,500 91,400 72,900
Disseminated 1,601,000 1.30 0.85 0.14 1.00 2.70 2.94 45.8 29.9 7,300 51,700 139,100 151,500
Total
Indicated 1,834,000 1.96 1.18 0.15 1.12 3.91 3.81 79.2 47.6 9,100 66,200 230,500 224,400
Inferred
Tonnes Ni
(%)
Cu
(%)
Au
(g/t)
Pt
(g/t)
Pd
(g/t)
Ag
(g/t)
Ni lbs
millions
Cu lbs
millions Au oz Pt
(oz)
Pd
(oz)
Ag
(oz)
Massive 217,000 7.00 2.86 0.18 3.00 11.75 8.70 33.5 13.7 1,300 20,900 82,000 60,700
Disseminated 870,000 1.24 0.88 0.12 0.97 2.69 3.09 23.7 16.8 3,300 27,000 75,300 86,300
Total
Inferred 1,087,000 2.39 1.27 0.13 1.37 4.50 4.21 57.2 30.5 4,600 47,900 157,300 147,000
(1) Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Estimated
mining costs, metallurgical recoveries and project infrastructure costs in this report may materially affect
this resource estimate due to those components not being studied in sufficient detail to accurately predict
their realized values. The estimate of mineral resources may also be materially affected by environmental,
permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing or other relevant issues. There is no guarantee
that Noront will be successful in obtaining any or all of the requisite consents, permits or approvals,
regulatory or otherwise for the project or that the project will be placed into production.
(2) The quantity and grade of reported Inferred resources in this estimation are uncertain in nature and there
has been insufficient exploration to define these Inferred resources as an Indicated or Measured mineral
resource and further exploration drilling is required to determine whether they can be upgraded to an
Indicated or Measured mineral resource category.
A total budget of $12,300,000 is recommended to follow up at Eagle One, to continue defining
and delineating the other deposits on the property such as Eagle Two, Blackbird One and Two,
as well as other geophysical anomalies. The authors feel that the large budget is warranted, given
that the project is now entering a predevelopment stage and will require considerable
infrastructure upgrades and advanced studies in order to proceed to the next level. In addition,
geophysical indications are that the Ring of Fire Intrusion continues across the entire Double
Eagle Property, and that Noront has continued success at intersecting mineralization in areas
several kilometres from the Eagle One Deposit.
The recommended budget breakdown is presented in the following table:
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Eagle One Report No. 149
EAGLE ONE Unit cost Units $CDN
Delineation (for scoping)
Diamond drilling $ 120 5000 $ 6 00,000
Drill support (geos, camp, assays, etc.) $ 5 5 5000 $ 2 75,000
Helicopter support $ 1 75 5000 $ 8 75,000
Subtotal $ 1 ,750,000
Scoping study
$ 1 ,750,000 1 $ 1 ,750,000
Subtotal $ 1,750,000
Total Eagle One $ 3,500,000
AT2 (Eagle Two and Blackbird One)
Delineation (for initial resource est.)
Diamond drilling $ 120 5000 $ 6 00,000
Drill support (geos, camp, assays, etc) $ 5 5 5000 $ 2 75,000
Helicopter support $ 1 75 5000 $ 8 75,000
Subtotal $ 1,750,000
Resource Estimate (BB1 and Eagle 2)
$ 400,000 1 $ 4 00,000
Subtotal $ 4 00,000
Total AT2 $ 2,150,000
Blackbird Two
Continued exploration
Diamond drilling $ 120 3000 $ 3 60,000
Drill support (geos, camp, assays, etc.) $ 5 5 3000 $ 1 65,000
Helicopter support $ 1 75 3000 $ 5 25,000
Total BB2 $ 1,050,000
AT12 Cu-Ni-anomaly
Continued exploration
Diamond drilling $ 120 2500 $ 3 00,000
Drill support (geos, camp, assay, etc.) $ 5 5 2500 $ 1 37,500
Helicopter support $ 1 75 2500 $ 4 37,500
Total AT12 $ 875,000
Anomaly Testing
Linecutting $ 650 200 $ 1 30,000
Geophysical surveying $ 5 00 200 $ 1 00,000
camp support (geophysics) $ 2 50 200 $ 50,000
Heli support (geophysics) $ 1,500 100 $ 1 50,000
Drilling $ 1 20 4000 $ 4 80,000
drill support (geos,camp, assays, etc.) $ 5 5 4000 $ 2 20,000
Heli support $ 1 75 4000 $ 7 00,000
Total Anomaly Testing $ 1,830,000
Airstrip and Camp Construction
1 $ 1,750,000
Subtotal $ 11,155,000
Contingencies (10%) $ 1,115,500
Total Budget recommended $ 12,270,500
Total Budget Rounded Off $ 1 2,300,000
(1) Subject to permitting
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Eagle One Report No. 149
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE
1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE
The following report was prepared to provide a Technical Report compliant with the provisions
of National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”), and
an independent Resource Estimate of the nickel, copper, (platinum, palladium, gold- PGE)
mineralization on the Eagle One Deposit, Double Eagle Property, Sachigo Greenstone Belt,
James Bay Lowlands, Ontario. Noront has a 100% outright interest in the property, subject to a
1% Net Smelter Returns (NSR) Royalty on two claims, which be bought back at any time for
$500,000. The Eagle One Deposit lies on one of these two claims.
This report was prepared by P&E Mining Consultants Inc., (“P&E”) at the request of Mr.
Richard Nemis, President and CEO of Noront. Noront is a Toronto based company trading on
the TSX Venture Exchange (TSX-V) under the symbol of “NOT”, with its corporate office at:
15 Toronto Street, Suite 1000
Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2E3
Tel: 416-864-1456
Fax: 416-367-5444
This report is considered current as of July 3, 2008.
Ms. Tracy Armstrong, P. Geo., a qualified person under the terms of NI 43-101, conducted a site
visit to the Property on April 8 and 9, 2008. An independent verification sampling program was
conducted by Ms. Armstrong at that time.
In addition to the site visit, P&E carried out a study of all relevant parts of the available literature
and documented results concerning the Property and held discussions with technical personnel
from Noront regarding all pertinent aspects of the Property. The reader is referred to these data
sources, which are outlined in the “Sources of Information” section of this report, for further
details.
The purpose of the current report is to provide an independent Technical Report and Resource
Estimate of the nickel, copper, PGE mineralization present on the Eagle One Deposit, in
conformance with the standards required by NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1. The estimate of
mineral resources contained in this report conforms to the CIM Mineral Resource and Mineral
Reserve definitions (December, 2005) referred to in NI 43-101.
1.2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION
This report is based, in part, on internal company technical reports, and maps, published
government reports, company letters and memoranda, and public information as listed in the
“Selected References” Section 19.0 at the conclusion of this report. Several sections from reports
authored by other consultants have been directly quoted in this report, and are so indicated in the
appropriate sections. P&E has not conducted detailed land status evaluations, and has relied upon
public documents and statements by Noront regarding property status and legal title to the
property.
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Eagle One Report No. 149
1.3 UNITS AND CURRENCY
Unless otherwise stated all units used in this report are metric. Nickel and copper assay values
are reported in percent (“%”) and platinum, palladium, gold and silver assays are reported in g/t
unless some other unit is specifically stated. The CDN$ is used throughout this report.
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Eagle One Report No. 149
2.0 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS
The authors wish to make clear that they are qualified persons only in respect of the areas in this
report identified in their “Certificates of Qualified Persons” submitted with this report to the
Canadian Securities Administrators. The authors have relied, and believe that they have a
reasonable basis to rely, upon the following individuals who have contributed the legal,
environmental, marketing and taxation information stated in this report, as noted below:
Mr. John Harvey, P. Eng.
Chief Operating Officer, Noront Resources Ltd. who provided the general overall Project
information, and;
Mr. Neil Novak, P. Geo.
Vice President Corporate and Aboriginal Affairs, (formerly Vice President Exploration), Noront
Resources Ltd., who provided the general exploration and drilling information and history, and;
Dr. James Mungall, Ph. D., P. Geo.
Chief Geologist, Noront Resources Ltd., who provided the information on the Eagle One Deposit
mineralization and genesis;
Although copies of the licenses, permits and work contracts were reviewed, an independent
verification of land title and tenure was not performed. P&E has not verified the legality of any
underlying agreement(s) that may exist concerning the licenses or other agreement(s) between
third parties.
A draft copy of the report has been reviewed for factual errors by Noront. Any changes made as a
result of these reviews did not involve any alteration to the conclusions made. Hence, the
statement and opinions expressed in this document are given in good faith and in the belief that
such statements and opinions are neither false nor misleading at the date of this report.
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Eagle One Report No. 149
3.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND TENURE
The Double Eagle Property, within which sits the Eagle One Deposit, is comprised of 178 claims
for a total of 41,696 hectares. The approximate centre of the property is located at 5,845,000N
and 545,000E in the UTM NAD83 coordinate system. Two of the claims, 3012264 and 3012265
were purchased by Noront, subject to a 1% Net Smelter Returns (NSR) royalty that can be
bought back for $500,000 cash or stock at any time. The Eagle One Deposit lies on claim
3012264.
The remainder of the claims were acquired by Noront by ground staking pursuant to
requirements of the Mining Act R.S.O. 1990, Chapter M.14, attached regulations and
amendments thereto. In the James Bay Lowlands, claims corners are generally established with
the aid of handheld GPS receivers, whose accuracies are in the order of +/- 10 metres, depending
on which type of unit is used. Claim stakers mark out claim block boundaries by navigating,
blazing and flagging their course with the aid of a compass or GPS receiver and placing line
posts along this course every 400 metres. Corner claim posts are established at each corner of the
claim, and positional information is provided on the corner posts with the aid of a GPS receiver.
Noront has 100% rights to the staked claims which can be leased from the Province of Ontario if
a positive decision to mine the deposit is taken.
A map showing the claims is presented in Figure 3.1 and a list of the claims is presented in Table
3-1.
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Eagle One Report No. 149
Figure 3.1: Claim Map of Double Eagle Property with the Eagle One Deposit shown as a
red star and the location of the Esker Camp indicated as a yellow dot.
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Eagle One Report No. 149
Table 3-1: List of Claims Double Eagle Property
Claim Number Division Township/Area Area (Ha) Claim N umber Division T ownship/Area Area (Ha) Claim Number Division Townsh ip/Area Area (Ha)
1221423 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4225873 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226685 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3005622 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4225874 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226686 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3005667 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4225875 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226687 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3005668 Porcupine BMA 527862 144 4225876 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226688 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3005669 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4225878 Porcupine BMA 525863 (PORC) 256 4226689 Porcupine BMA 527862 256
3005670 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4225879 Porcupine BMA 525863 (PORC) 256 4226690 Porcupine BMA 527861 256
3008260 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4225880 Porcupine BMA 525863 (PORC) 256 4226691 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3008261 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4225881 Porcupine BMA 525862 256 4226692 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3008266 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4225882 Porcupine BMA 525862 256 4226693 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3008267 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4225883 Porcupine BMA 525862 256 4226694 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3008687 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4225988 Porcupine BMA 527861 64 4226695 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3008773 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226091 Porcupine BMA 527861 112 4226696 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3008774 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226100 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226697 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3011019 Porcupine BMA 527861 240 4226581 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4226698 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3011020 Porcupine BMA 527861 240 4226585 Porcupine BMA 526861 160 4226699 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3011021 Porcupine BMA 527861 240 4226586 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4226700 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3011022 Porcupine BMA 527861 240 4226588 Porcupine BMA 527861 64 4226701 Porcupine BMA 527862 256
3011024 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4226611 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4226702 Porcupine BMA 527862 256
3011025 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4226612 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4226703 Porcupine BMA 527861 256
3011556 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226613 Porcupine BMA 526861 32 4226704 Porcupine BMA 527862 256
3011557 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226614 Porcupine BMA 526861 160 4226705 Porcupine BMA 527861 256
3011561 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226616 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4226706 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3011562 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226617 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4226707 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3012256 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226624 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4226708 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3012259 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226625 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4226709 Porcupine BMA 526862 256
3012260 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226626 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4226710 Porcupine BMA 527862 256
3012261 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226627 Porcupine BMA 527861 240 4229428 Porcupine BMA 527861 64
3012262 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226628 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4229430 Porcupine BMA 528861 64
3012265 Porcupine BMA 526862 64 4226631 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4229432 Porcupine BMA 528861 32
4218185 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226632 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4229435 Porcupine BMA 527861 16
4218186 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226633 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4229436 Porcupine BMA 528861 240
4218187 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226635 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4229437 Porcupine BMA 528861 256
4218188 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226636 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4229438 Porcupine BMA 527861 64
4218887 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226639 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4229439 Porcupine BMA 528861 192
4218888 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226640 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4229440 Porcupine BMA 528861 240
4218889 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226651 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4229442 Porcupine BMA 528861 160
4218890 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226652 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4229443 Porcupine BMA 528861 192
4218901 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226653 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4229630 Porcupine BMA 528861 192
4218902 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226654 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4229656 Porcupine BMA 528861 256
4218903 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226655 Porcupine BMA 527861 192 4229657 Porcupine BMA 528861 256
4218904 Porcupine BMA 527862 192 4226656 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4229658 Porcupine BMA 528861 256
4221425 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226657 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4229659 Porcupine BMA 528862 256
4221426 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226658 Porcupine BMA 527861 224 4229660 Porcupine BMA 528862 256
4221427 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226659 Porcupine BMA 527861 256 4229661 Porcupine BMA 528862 256
4221428 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226661 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 3011553 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4221429 Porcupine BMA 527862 256 4226662 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 3011554 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4222499 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226663 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 3011555 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4222500 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226665 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 3011558 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4225178 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226672 Porcupine BMA 527861 80 3011559 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4225861 Porcupine BMA 526862 64 4226675 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 3011560 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4225862 Porcupine BMA 526862 64 4226676 Porcupine BMA 526861 192 4218183 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4225863 Porcupine BMA 526862 16 4226677 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4218184 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4225864 Porcupine BMA 526863 (PORC) 256 4226678 Porcupine BMA 526861 224 4221421 Thunder Bay BMA 527863 256
4225865 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226679 Porcupine BMA 526861 256 4221422 Thunder Bay BMA 527863 256
4225866 Porcupine BMA 526862 224 4226680 Porcupine BMA 526861 160 4221423 Thunder Bay BMA 527863 256
4225868 Porcupine BMA 526863 (PORC) 256 4226681 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4221424 Thunder Bay BMA 527863 256
4225869 Porcupine BMA 526863 (PORC) 256 4226682 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4221430 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4225870 Porcupine BMA 526863 (PORC) 256 4226683 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4225176 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
4225871 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4226684 Porcupine BMA 526862 256 4225177 Thunder Bay BMA 526863 (TB) 256
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4.0 LOCATION, ACCESS, CLIMATE, PHYSIOGRAPHY &
INFRASTRUCTURE
4.1 LOCATION AND ACCESS
The Double Eagle Property is situated to the north and west of the Attawapiskat River some 250
kilometres west of James Bay. The Property lies in the James Bay Lowlands straddling its
western limit, and ~250 kilometres west of the community of Attawapiskat on James Bay. An
exploration camp was initially established on the northwest corner of McFaulds Lake which is
accessible to float and ski-equipped aircraft and is situated approximately twelve kilometres
north, north-east of the Eagle One Deposit. Since the discovery of the deposit, Noront has
constructed a second camp known as the Esker Camp, which is located 250 metres north-east of
the Eagle One Deposit. Currently exploration is supported from Nakina, 300 kilometres to the
south, where there is a paved, 3,880-foot airstrip, all weather road access and railroad access.
Smaller ponds, closer to work areas, form potential winter ice strips. Snow mobiles afford good
winter access within tens of kilometres of temporary airstrips. Advanced programs require
helicopter support for both moving equipment and ferrying personnel and supplies.
The First Nations communities of Webequie and Ogoki / Marten Falls lie 110 kilometres west
and 130 kilometres SSE of McFaulds Lake respectively. Both are served by scheduled air
services, primarily from Thunder Bay, although both Thunder Bay and Timmins serve as support
centers for the James Bay communities and the projects. Thunder Bay lies 520 kilometres to the
southwest of the project area, and Timmins is located ~570 kilometres south-southeast.
4.2 CLIMATE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY
The James Bay Lowlands experience long, cold winters and short, warm summers. Freeze-up of
the major rivers occurs in late October or early November. The mean daily minimum
temperature in January is approximately -27°C. Spring breakup occurs in April. Mean annual
precipitation is approximately 660 millimetres, and mean annual snowfall is approximately 2400
millimetres (snow depth).
River levels reach their maximum during the spring runoff in late April and early May. Water
levels typically drop through the summer and then increase slightly during the fall prior to freeze
up. Water levels fluctuate in response to even modest rainfall and short dry spells.
The James Bay Lowlands are an almost perfectly planar topographic feature that slope slightly
eastwards (0.7 m / km). Major and secondary rivers incise slight trenches into the soft marine
clays that cover much of the Lowlands. Elevations in the project area are in the order of 140
metres ASL.
Drainage is poor due to the lack of relief, and consequently inland areas remain water-logged
throughout the year. Vegetation comprises grasses and sedges, low shrubs and sparse, stunted
trees, predominantly tamarack (larch) and black spruce. Woody species increase in size and
proportion as drainages cut into overburden, forming better-drained banks. Trees reach full size
along stable banks of the major rivers. Extensive string bogs are developed between drainages.
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The perennially water logged surface makes effective surface travel impossible except during the
winter months (December to March), however activities continue year round with helicopter
support.
4.3 INFRASTRUCTURE
The only infrastructure in the project area is the Esker and McFaulds Lake Camps. The
McFaulds Lake Camp is located on the shore of McFaulds Lake which is shared by several
companies doing work in the area. The Esker Camp is located 250 metres north-east of the Eagle
One Deposit and is used exclusively by Noront. The closest town with infrastructure is Nakina,
300 kilometres to the south.
Noront is required to remove camps, fuel caches and any remaining waste material upon
completing exploration. Drilling is conducted in compliance with environmental standards that
include the removal of all equipment and waste upon completion of each set-up. Currently the
operator backhauls empty containers, garbage and waste on supply flights from Nakina where
there are believed to be approved waste disposal facilities. There are no other existing
environmental liabilities that are known to the writer.
Permits are not required for exploration, however meetings are held on a regular basis with the
First Nations communities in the area to keep them informed of the activities and to address any
specific concerns they may have.
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Figure 4.1: Regional Location Map of Project Area
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5.0 HISTORY AND PREVIOUS EXPLORATION
5.1 HISTORY
The Geological Survey of Canada and the Ontario Department of Mines carried out regional
studies
circa
1906 and again between 1940 and 1965. The early work focused on the petroleum
possibilities of the sedimentary basins in Hudson and James Bays and on industrial and fuel minerals in the Moose River Basin. In 1959, Consolidated African Selection Trust started diamond exploration in the Lowlands (Janse and Sheahan, 2003) and were joined by De Beers South Africa interests in 1962 (Timmins Assessment File T.4663). Monopros Ltd., De Beers’ Canadian subsidiary, discovered the Attawapiskat kimberlite cluster in 1988 (T.4663) by tracing a picroilmenite (a Kimberlite Indicator Mineral- KIM) dispersal train from Hearst northwards to the Attawapiskat River where diamonds were discovered in river sands and the Uniform kimberlite found in outcrop. In the early 1990’s, Spider Resources Inc., (“Spider”) and KWG Resources Inc., (“KWG”) commenced an ambitious, airborne magnetic-based, diamond exploration program in the northern James Bay Lowlands as joint venture partners, discovering the Good Friday and MacFayden kimberlites in the Attawapiskat cluster and an additional five kimberlites to the east. In 2002 De Beers Canada Inc., (“De Beers”) in joint venture with Spider and KWG discovered the McFaulds No. 1 volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) body while drilling some isolated magnetic anomalies in search of kimberlites. In November 2002, Spider recorded the first group of claims surrounding the initial VMS discovery and subsequent work by Spider and KWG discovered the rest of the McFaulds occurrences, including McFaulds No. 3 VMS body. Many other junior mining companies started staking in late 2002 (December) and then again during the first half of 2003. The Double Eagle Claims were staked by Noront in 2003, following the VMS discovery, and a Fugro Geotem survey was flown later that year. Noront optioned the Double Eagle claims to Hawk Precious Minerals Inc., (now Hawk Uranium Inc.), who in turn optioned them to Probe Mines Ltd., (“Probe”). Probe completed an exploration program in early 2006 with 11 holes testing various (mostly VMS style) anomalies. Probe returned the Double Eagle Claims back to Noront in early 2007. The Condor Property, which was contiguous to the Double Eagle claims, consisted of two claims which were optioned to Noront in May 2007. Noront holds a 100% interest on these claims, subject to a 1% NSR Royalty, and it was in early September 2007 that Noront announced the discovery of significant Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization on the Condor claims. Noront’s diamond drill hole NOT-07-05 drilled vertically into the heart of a magnetic and electromagnetic target, remained in massive sulphide for a 68.3 metre section (not true width) and averaged 5.9% Ni, 3.1% Cu, 2.87 g/t Pt, 9.78 g/t Pd, 0.61 g/t Au and 8.5 g/t Ag. The deposit was named Eagle One, and the ultramafic sill occupying an unconformity between the basement granodiorite on the inside of an arc, and the volcanic belt on the outside of the arc was dubbed the “Ring of Fire”. After viewing the chalcopyrite and pentlandite mineralization in the core from the first hole of the program, Noront contacted a staking contractor to launch a staking campaign. Claims were
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staked immediately around the discovery site, to the north-east, and to the north-west. By the
time the drill had completed the second hole, news of the Noront claim-stakers moving into the
area had leaked out and a number of competing groups began arriving. Helicopter assisted
staking ensued in the immediate area, initially involving a group headed up by Temex Resources
Corp. and Baltic Resources Inc., in joint venture with MacDonald Mines Exploration Ltd. After
the visuals for hole NOT-07-05 were reported to Noront’s management in Toronto, a press
release was drafted and disseminated. This caught the attention of several other juniors, all vying
for claims as close to Noront’s discovery site as possible. At one point, there were a minimum of
10 helicopters in the immediate area, staking anything possessing a high magnetic signature, in a
pattern that covered the geophysically interpreted greenstone belt in contact with the centrally
located granodiorite (Precambrian gneissic complex) dome. Staking continued from early
September 2007 until well into 2008, covering most of the area interpreted as being the “Ring of
Fire”, and west toward De Beers Canada’s Victor Diamond Mine.
The mining recorder for the area confirmed to Noront that this was the largest staking rush in the
province of Ontario since the Hemlo discovery.
5.2 PREVIOUS FEASIBILITY STUDIES
There have been no feasibility studies done on the Property.
5.3 PREVIOUS METALLURGICAL TESTING
There has been no metallurgical testing done on the Property.
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6.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING
6.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
Stott (e.g., 2007) and coworkers have done much to elucidate basement geology under the
Hudson Bay Platform. Public domain aeromagnetic data supported by isotope chemistry of a
small number of diamond drill core samples provided the basis for a preliminary geological base
for the region.
The James Bay Lowlands are defined by flat-lying, Paleozoic platform rocks, which are covered
by a thin but persistent layer of glacial and periglacial sediments. The Paleozoic carbonates are
up to 75 metres thick in the McFaulds Lake area and feather out toward the west.
6.1.1 PRECAMBRIAN GEOLOGY
The Precambrian geology of the area is inferred from airborne geophysical data supplemented by
sparse gravity and diamond drill data. Magnetic patterns suggest a basement complex
comprising volcanic and sedimentary belts between large expanses of granite and gneisses. The
Oxford-Stull Domain (Stott, 2007) extends eastwards under Paleozoic cover and into James Bay.
There are a handful of basement inliers in the Lowlands as follows:
•
Coarse-grained fragmental and pillowed basalt ~30 kilometres north of Missisa Lake
(McBride, 1994)
•
Fine- to medium-grained intermediate to felsic volcanic ~55 kilometres north north-west
of Missisa Lake
•
Aphebian (Proterozoic) iron formation, greywacke and other clastic sediments (Sutton
Ridge Formation), dolomite, limestone and minor argillite (Nowashe Formation) and Archean gneisses are exposed in the Sutton inlier ~200 kilometres north north-east of Missisa Lake (Bostock, 1971)
•
Sheared mafic to intermediate metavolcanics outcrop in the north-east part of the project
area (Thomas, 1995). Recent work by Stott (e.g., 2007) suggests that the Oxford-Stull Domain comprises an older core (2870 to 2830 Ma) perhaps built on a remnant mid-oceanic ridge. Stott
et al.,
have reported that
greenstone belts date between 2737 and 2695 Ma which are comparable with data from other parts of the Superior Province. For example host calc-alkaline volcanics from McFaulds Lake show a U/Pb zircon isotopic age of 2737±7 Ma. It should be noted that these new data complicate the former picture of progressively older greenstone belts into the northwest corner of the province. A paleo weathering profile, locally including a regolith, is preserved in the upper 10 to 20 metres of Precambrian basement immediately below the Paleozoic platform.
6.1.2 PALEOZOIC GEOLOGY
The Paleozoic section spans Ordovician to Cretaceous, the latter being developed in the Moose
River basin far to the south-east. In the project area, the section is limited to Ordovician and
Silurian rocks, which are absent along the west edge of the project area but reach ~100 metres to
the south and east. The section in the project area comprises thin, poorly consolidated, basal
sandstone, mudstone overlain by muddy dolomites, and limestone intervals of Ordovician and
Silurian age.
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6.1.3 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY
The thickness of the Quaternary section ranges from 3.5 to 10 metres in drill holes. It typically
comprises 1 to 2 metres of sandy (Wisconsin) till overlain by sand (proximal varves?) grading up
to clays (distal varves?) and capped by marine clays (Thomas, 2004). Older, pre-Wisconsin,
interglacial sediments and tills are locally preserved (e.g., DR 95-46).
Glacial striae suggest a southwesterly ice flow in east and south parts of the area and to the
south-east, west of 85°W (e.g., Bell, 1872, 1878; Fulton, 1995). More recent work (e.g.,
Thorleifson
et al.,
1993) suggests that the predominant Late Wisconsin ice flow direction was
west or north-west migrating through time to the south-west. They argue that the south to southeast flow patterns, termed the Winisk Ice Stream (e.g., Fulton, 1995), were late and short-lived.
Figure 6.1: Regional Tectonic Subdivisions of northern Ontario (after Stott
et al.
2007), and the Location of the Eagle One Ni-Cu-PGE deposit in the Oxford-Stull Domain.
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Figure 6.2: Regional Geology of the Double Eagle Area (after Franklin and
Mungall, 2008)
6.2 LOCAL AND PROPERTY GEOLOGY
A mantle derived, highly magnetic ultramafic intrusion (“the Ring of Fire Intrusion” or “RFI”)
has been emplaced along the margin of a regional scale granodiorite pluton which had been
intruded into and caused a doming of the host Sachigo greenstone belt rocks. The RFI is thus
situated between the granodiorite on one hand (footwall) and the surrounding Sachigo
greenstone belt rocks (hangingwall) on the other. The RFI is magnetically distinct allowing it to
be traced more or less uninterrupted, for tens of kilometres along the granodiorite margin. It
appears that a series of conduits cutting across the granodiorite have acted as feeders to the main
RFI.
The Eagle One Deposit is interpreted as occurring well within a conduit feeder, at some distance
from the main RFI. In addition to the Eagle One Deposit, Noront has also discovered, two
kilometres south-west, the Blackbird One Chromite Deposit, the Eagle Two shear-hosted Ni-Cu-
PGE Deposit (collectively also known as AT2), and most recently the Blackbird Two Chromite
Occurrence. At the time of writing of this report, two drill holes had been completed on
Anomaly AT12, which returned encouraging widths of visual copper-nickel-iron sulphide
mineralization up to 29.2 metres in peridotite host rock. Assays are pending.
The Eagle Two discovery is interpreted as occurring within the “throat or mouth” portion of the
conduit where it empties into the main RFI. The mineralization at this point in the system
consists of mineralized zones that contain numerous thin Ni-Cu bearing sulphide layers or
“fingers” that “feather” out into the main RFI.
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The most recent drilling at Eagle Two suggests that the zone of finger-style mineralization is
coalescing and increasing in overall thickness as it is tested to the west, presumably into a
conduit that is part of the original feeder system. The sulphide mineralization is also interpreted
as moving away from the chromite mineralization further suggesting that the Eagle Two
mineralizing environment is moving further away from the RFI and into a possible feeder
conduit environment similar to that at the Eagle One Deposit.
Figure 6.3: Local Geology surrounding Eagle One Deposit
Figure 6.4: Simplified Geology of Eagle One Deposit and surrounding Area
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Figure 6.5: Cross Section 3600N through Eagle One Deposit. Disseminated
sulphides indicated by red color along hole trace.
Figure 6.6: Cross Section 3625N through Eagle One Deposit. Massive sulphides
indicated by magenta color along hole trace.
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7.0 DEPOSIT TYPES
The “Ring of Fire” is clearly an emerging metal district. The McFaulds No. 1 and No. 3 VMS
occurrences, Noront’s Eagle One Magmatic Sulphide Deposit, Noront’s Blackbird One Chromite
Deposit and Blackbird Two Chromite Occurrence, as well as other Cu-Pb-Zn hits (results
pending) by the Metalex Ventures Ltd./WSR Gold Inc. joint venture in the area leave no doubt
about this.
The Eagle One Deposit is clearly a magmatic sulphide deposit, and Section 7.1 presents this
particular deposit type. In addition to the magmatic sulphide type, a chromite and volcanogenic
massive sulphide type are discussed.
7.1 MAGMATIC NICKEL-COPPER-PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS TYPE
A broad group of deposits containing nickel-copper-platinum group elements (PGE) occur as
sulphur segregations associated with a variety of mafic and ultramafic magmatic rocks. Among
such deposits, two main subtypes are distinguishable. In the first, the Ni-Cu sulphide type, nickel
and copper are economic commodities contained in sulphide-rich ores that are associated with
differentiated mafic sills and stocks and ultramafic volcanic (komatiitic) volcanic flows and sills.
The second type, magmatic PGE is mined principally for PGE’s which are associated with
sparsely dispersed sulphides in medium to large, typically layered mafic to ultramafic intrusions.
Nickel-copper sulphide deposits are sulphide concentrations that occur in certain mafic and/or
ultramafic intrusions or volcanic flows. Nickel is the main economic commodity; copper may be
either a co-product or by-product, and platinum group elements (PGEs) are usual by-products.
Other commodities recovered in some cases include gold, silver, cobalt, sulphur, selenium, and
tellurium. These metals are associated with sulphides, which generally make up more than 10%
of the ore.
As a group, magmatic nickel-copper sulphide deposits have accounted for most of the world's
past and current production of nickel. International reserves of magmatic sulphide nickel remain
large, though they are exceeded by those of lateritic nickel deposits, the only other significant
source of nickel.
Most nickel sulphide deposits consist of several closely adjacent, but discrete orebodies,
therefore the definition of “deposit” is rather arbitrary. Individual orebodies may contain from a
few hundred thousand to a few million tonnes of ore, and in some instances tens of millions of
tonnes of ore. Mining grades are generally about 1 to 3% Ni, but may be higher in some small
deposits. Noteworthy exceptions are some of the ore zones in the Talnakh camp of the Noril'sk
area, where substantial orebodies average several per cent Ni and greater than 20% Cu.
There are four subtypes of this deposit and all subtypes have some general similarities. For
example, the host intrusions in all cases are either mafic or ultramafic in composition. In
addition, most deposits occur as sulphide concentrations toward the base of their magmatic host
bodies. Furthermore, all subtypes of nickel sulphide ores usually consist mainly of the simple
sulphide assemblage pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite, either as massive sulphides, sulphidematrix
breccias, or disseminations of sulphides. Nickel-copper sulphide ores of any of the
subtypes that have undergone tectonic remobilization have been converted to similar-appearing
sulphide-matrix breccias. The subtypes differ significantly in their geological-tectonic settings
and in the geometric form and style of differentiation of the host magmatic bodies. They differ
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also in that the magmatic hosts in most subtypes are intrusions, but in the komatiitic subtype
most are volcanic flows. Furthermore the ores of the various subtypes show some differences in
composition, most noticeably in their Ni:Cu ratios.
The komatiitic subtype, (to which the Eagle One Deposit belongs) is the third most important
type in the world. Proterozoic komatiitic deposits of the Thompson Nickel Belt in Manitoba
account for one quarter to one third of current nickel production in Canada. Archean komatiitic
deposits at Kambalda and elsewhere in Western Australia yield most of that country's produced
nickel. Several small nickel mines in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Ontario and Quebec are also
Archean komatiitic deposits.
Most of the Canadian Archean nickel deposits are found in the Abitibi greenstone belt of the
Superior province (e.g., Langmuir, Redstone, Marbridge, Texmont, Alexo; Coad, 1979; Barnes,
1985; Barrie
et al.,
1993). Those in the Shaw dome area south of Timmins are associated with a
discontinuous horizon of spinifex-textured komatiitic flows (probably 2707 Ma; Corfu, 1993) at the base of a volcanic cycle which comprises an ultramafic-mafic-felsic succession. Other nickel deposit-bearing komatiites in the Timmins area are considered to be part of the same horizon. Furthermore, in both the Kambalda and Shaw dome-Timmins areas, most of the ore-bearing komatiite is directly underlain by sulphidic sediments (Coad, 1979; Lesher, 1989). Many believe these sediments are the source of sulphur that became incorporated in the komatiitic magmas and gave rise to the ores. In both the Norseman-Wiluna and Abitibi greenstone belts, some larger, but sub-economic, low grade disseminated nickel sulphide deposits occur in thicker and larger dunitic sills of komatiitic affiliation. These are generally separate from the areas in which extrusive komatiite hosted nickel deposits occur. Figure 7.1 demonstrates the “multi-deposit” aspect of magmatic nickel deposits using the Kambalda camp in the Norseman-Wiluna greenstone belt in Australia as an example.
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Figure 7.1: Plan of general geology of the Kambalda camp showing surface projections of
orebodies (after Gresham and Loftus-Hills, 1981).
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Figure 7.2: 2005 Long Section through Voisey’s Bay Mine showing the multiple nature of
magmatic Ni-Cu Deposits (CIM Presentation to St John’s, 2005)
Table 7-1: Canadian and International Komatiite-hosted Nickel Deposits
Canadian Deposits Deposit Name Age Size Ni Cu Reference
Sub-type Mt % %
Komatiite-hosted Ni Thompson Ni Belt, MB Proterozoic 89.0 2.50 0.13 INCO Prospectus, 1968; Naldrett, 1994
Komatiite-hosted Ni Amax Area 1 (Nose), MB Proterozoic 7.3 1.33 n/a Roth (1975)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Manibridge, MB Proterozoic 1.4 2.55 0.27 Coats and Brummer (1971)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Bucko, MB Proterozoic 2.5 2.23 0.17 Falconbridge Review, 1991
Komatiite-hosted Ni Bowden, MB Proterozoic 80.0 0.60 n/a Northern Miner, 1970-08-06
Komatiite-hosted Ni Raglan Deposits (6), Ungava, QC Proterozoic 18.5 3.13 0.88 Northern Miner, 1992-11-02
Komatiite-hosted Ni Nunavik Nickel Project, Ungava, QC Proterozoic 19.4 0.97 1.18 Canadian Royalties Press Release 2008
Komatiite-hosted Ni Texmont, ON Archean 3.2 0.93 n/a Coad (1979)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Langmuir (No. 1&2), ON Archean 1.6 2.09 0.08 Coats (1982)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Marbridge, QC Archean 0.8 2.82 0.10 Brett et al. (1976)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Alexo Mine, ON Archean 0.1 3.58 n/a Shklanka (1969)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Redstone, ON Archean 1.2 2.39 0.09 Barrie et al. (1993)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Dumont, QC Archean 150.0 0.50 n/a Duke (1986)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Gordon Lake, ON Archean 1.1 1.62 0.68 Coats (1982)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Shebandowan, ON Archean 15.0 1.50 1.00 Coats (1982)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Namew Lake, MB Proterozoic 2.6 2.44 0.90 Canadian Minerals Yearbook, p. 45.2
Foreign Deposits Deposit Name Age Size Ni% Cu% Reference
Sub-type Mt
Komatiite-hosted Ni Pechenga, Russia Proterozoic 36.0 1.00 0.40 DeYoung et al. (1985)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Kambalda District, Australia Archean 48.0 3.60 0.25 Chen and Mingliang (1987); Naldrett (1994)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Agnew, Australia Archean 46.8 2.08 0.10 Listerud and Meineke (1977)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Windarra District, Australia Archean 13.2 1.45 n/a DeYoung et al. (1985)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Mt. Keith, Australia Archean 270.0 0.60 n/a DeYoung et al. (1985)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Hitura, Finland Proterozoic 12.3 0.56 0.16 DeYoung et al. (1985)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Shangani, Zimbabwe Archean 22.0 0.71 n/a DeYoung et al. (1985)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Trojan, Zimbabwe Archean 20.4 0.68 n/a DeYoung et al. (1985)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Hunter's Road, Zimbabwe Archean 30.0 0.70 n/a DeYoung et al. (1985)
Komatiite-hosted Ni Kabanga, Tanzania Proterozoic 11.7 1.72 0.26 Northern Miner 1993-03-08, p.14
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7.2 MAFIC TO ULTRAMAFIC-HOSTED CHROMITE DEPOSIT TYPE
Chromite is mined almost exclusively from massive to semi massive accumulations in ultramafic
or mafic igneous rocks. Hard rock chromite deposits are normally assigned either to stratiform or
podiform on the basis of deposit geometry, petrological character, and tectonic setting.
Stratiform chromite deposits are sheet-like accumulations of chromite that occur in layered
ultramafic to mafic igneous intrusions. The best examples of stratiform chromite deposits in
Canada occur in the Bird River Sill in south-eastern Manitoba and in the Big Trout Lake
intrusion in north-western Ontario. Other intrusions in Canada with chromitite layers include the
Muskox complex in the Northwest Territories, the Lac des Montagnes body in Quebec, and the
Puddy Lake and Crystal Lake intrusions in Ontario.
There is no past or current production from stratiform chromite deposits in Canada apart from
approximately 6000 tons of material which was mined at Puddy Lake, Ontario in the 1930’s.
Stratiform chromite deposits occur in large, layered intrusions which are commonly
differentiated into a lower ultramafic zone and an upper mafic zone. The intrusions fall into two
broad categories with respect to morphology. The first includes essentially tabular bodies which
were emplaced as sill-like intrusions in which igneous layering is conformable to the floor.
Examples include Kemi, Campo Formoso, Stillwater Complex, Bird River Sill, and Big Trout
Lake.
The intrusions which host stratiform chromite deposits occur in a variety of tectonic settings. The
Bushveld Complex, Great Dyke, and Muskox Intrusion are unmetamorphosed and were
emplaced into stable cratonic settings. The Kemi and Campo Formoso intrusions are
prekinematic and occur at the unconformable contact between Archean granitic basement and
overlying, mainly sedimentary Proterozoic supracrustal rocks. The Bird River Sill and Big Trout
Lake body are synvolcanic intrusions in Archean greenstone belt settings.
Most stratiform chromite deposits comprise laterally extensive chromite-rich layers which,
despite local irregularities are generally conformable to and form an integral part of the igneous
layering that characterizes such intrusions. The individual chromite rich layers range from less
than 1 cm to more than 1 m in thickness, but their lateral extent is measured in kilometres or tens
of kilometres. Chromite bearing horizons may be interlayered with a variety of rock types
including dunite, peridodite, orthopyroxenite, anorthosite and norite and may occur at various
stratigraphic levels within the host layered intrusion. However because chromite in the most
primitive rocks tends to be the most Cr –rich mineral species the immediate host rocks of
economically significant chromitites are peridotites, or less commonly, pyroxenites. Orebodies
may comprise discrete layers of massive chromitite rocks as in the Bushveld complex and Kemi
deposit or a number of closely spaced chromite-rich layers separated by UM rocks.
The association of chromite with magmatic platinum group element deposits is well known. The
association is two-fold. Firstly, the intrusions hosting the most prominent PGE “reefs” (Bushveld
Complex, Stillwater Complex, and Great Dyke) also contain significant stratiform chromite
deposits, normally at lower levels in the igneous stratigraphy.
7.2.1 BLACKBIRD ONE CHROMITE DEPOSIT
The following description is taken directly from a report by Dr. James E. Mungall, Noront’s
Chief Geologist. In the winter of 2008, Noront encountered massive chromitite mineralization in
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boreholes drilled to test airborne anomaly AT2 on the Double Eagle Property. The AT2 anomaly
is a coincident magnetic and conductive feature that was recognized as paired linear AeroTEM
conductors striking parallel to the margins of a highly magnetic body several kilometres long.
The magnetic body is connected directly to the Eagle One magmatic massive sulfide deposit and
as such was considered a prime target for further discoveries of peridotite-hosted magmatic
sulfide mineralization. Diamond drilling into the conductive anomalies confirmed that the
magnetic anomaly corresponds to a large body of metadunite and metaharzburgite that has been
altered to magnetite-rich tremolite serpentinite and talc-carbonate rock. Drill holes encountered
extensive Ni-rich sulphide mineralization hosted by shear zones parallel to the contact between
the ultramafic rocks and their felsic plutonic (granodiorite, sensu lato) host rocks. The sulphide
deposit at the AT2 anomaly area was named the Eagle Two deposit.
Below the Eagle Two shear-hosted sulphide deposit the drilling unexpectedly intersected
chromite mineralization. The chromite mineralization has been named the Blackbird One
Deposit. Blackbird One mineralization consists of massive chromitite layers interbedded with
chromite-rich metadunite, now entirely replaced by talc carbonate minerals, chromite, and minor
ferrochrome overgrowths.
Several drill holes intersected massive chromitite mineralization. The layers vary widely in
thickness, from centimetres on the margins of the Blackbird One deposit to continuous massive
chromitite intersections approaching true thicknesses of 30 metres at its central axis. The
mineralization is thickest along an axis plunging steeply to the northwest from a near-surface
expression near the southeast extremity of the drill pattern. To the southwest of this axis the
mineralization thins rapidly to nothing; along the northeast side there are insufficient data to tell
the shape of the body at the time of writing.
The chromite mineralization at Blackbird One shows several different textural and structural
styles. In the host ultramafic silicate rocks there is abundant chromite which stands out in drill
core as isolated or disseminated submillimetric black euhedra in the white talc-carbonate host
rock. The modal abundance of chromite varies from less than 1% to as much as 25% and locally
shows evidence of primary layering. When chromite abundance reaches 25% the rock typically
shows antinodular texture, with submillimetre chromite grains forming a closely packed matrix
around larger pseudomorphs of olivine. Within domains showing disseminated or antinodular
texture there are common cognate xenoliths of chromitite or dunite up to several centimetres in
size. Where xenoliths are larger than the diameter of the core they may become difficult to
distinguish from primary layers, however, most primary layering preserves some combination of
centimetric layering and fine laminations, which make identification unequivocal.
The chromitite mineralization does not have a notably strong magnetic susceptibility, compared
with serpentinized dunite and peridotite which are both common in the area around Eagle One,
Eagle Two, and the Blackbird One Deposits. Chromite is an electrical insulator hence there is no
EM expression from the chromite deposit despite the presence of traces of interstitial sulfide
minerals in the massive chromitite.
A useful characteristic of chromite is its high density, around 4.5, which is similar to that of
magnetite and pyrrhotite. Massive chromite therefore has an anomalously high density
compared even with ultramafic rocks and is detectable by gravity survey when it exists in
sufficient tonnages.
The demonstration of a detectable gravitational response to the massive chromitite at the
Blackbird One Deposit has been used to infer the presence of another body of chromitite some
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900 metres long striking 60° away from the AT2 area. A single diamond drill hole through the
highest part of the density anomaly at line 4000E cut two bodies of massive chromitite, each
with apparent thicknesses of approximately 20 metres. The new mineralized zone has been
named the Blackbird Two Deposit.
Massive layers of chromitite vary in thickness from centimetres to apparent thicknesses
exceeding 70 metres and true thicknesses probably exceeding 30 metres. Within massive layers
there are occasional xenoliths and thin beds of talc after olivine. The chemical composition of
the chromitite mineralization has been assessed by three methods; whole-rock assay by
instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), electron microprobe analysis of individual
chromite grains (EMP), and hand-held semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (HXRF).
Assay results through the chromitite zone in drillhole 1G17 are shown in Figure 7.3. Cr was
determined by INAA and is not subject to matrix effects; the results are therefore considered to
be quantitative. The main mineralized zone remains well above 40% Cr2O3 for more than 30
metres, and includes a zone greater than 5 metres wide that averages above 45% Cr2O3. Similar
results have been reported in other holes, and further assay results are pending. The Cr/Fe
elemental weight percent ratio in the whole rock is consistently above 2 and averages about 2.6
over the massive chromitite interval.
Electron microprobe analyses were conducted on polished thin sections of samples taken at
intervals through several chromitite intersections. Ten grains were analyzed at random from
each thin section. Notable results include the observations that the Cr/Fe ratio of the chromite
ranges from 1.6 to 2.2, and that the Cr2O3 concentration in a chromite mineral concentrate
would exceed 52%.
DDH NOT 08 1G17
175
185
195
205
215
225
235
2450.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Cr2O3 (wt%)
Depth in hole
Series1
Figure 7.3: Concentration of Cr2O3 (wt%) in chromite
mineralization in hole NOT- 08-1G17. Note sharp increase from
background levels near 4% Cr2O3 to a plateau above 40%,
including several metres above 45% Cr2O3.
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Figure 7.4: Cross Section 1987 through Blackbird One Chromite Deposit
Figure 7.5: Cross Section 2025 through Blackbird One Chromite Deposit
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7.2.2 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHROMITE MINING
Annual production of chromite ores is approximately 19 Mt, 90% of which is used to make
ferrochrome alloy for use in steel. Chromium ores and products are sold in three principal forms
worldwide. Direct shipping ore is referred to as lumpy ore and is sold by contract only. The
lump ore is defined as the > 6 mm size fraction; < 6 mm fractions are sold as fines and carry a
lower price. High-grade lump ore can be fed directly into smelters and there is a global trade in
this material, particularly from developing countries to a growing metallurgical market in China.
Fine-grained chromite concentrates are not amenable to smelting and must be pelletized first;
most pelletizing operations are integrated with smelters and there is little trade in concentrates.
However, the bulk of trade in chromium products is in the ferrochrome product of smelting.
Most ferrochrome is produced by vertically integrated large-scale mining, pelletizing and
smelting operations that produce the ferrochrome on site or very near to the mine site.
The dominant player in the world ferrochrome market is South Africa, which accounted for 43%
of global production in 2005. Major producers include Assmang Ltd., Kermas Group Ltd.,
(formerly Samancor Chrome Mines, South Africa), Xstrata South Africa Proprietary Ltd., and
International Ferro Metals Ltd. Most ferrochrome produced in South Africa is made from ores
mined from the stratiform chromitite deposits of the Bushveld Complex of South Africa.
Annual production in 2005 was 7.645 Mt. These ores have moderate grades compared with
some smaller deposits worldwide but are economic due to economies of scale and simple deposit
geometry. Other important producers are India (3.640 Mt), Kazakhstan (3.566 Mt), Finland
(0.572 Mt), Turkey and India.
Lump ore prices are reported in units called dry metric ton units (dmtu). The price of an ore is
found by multiplying the concentration of Cr2O3 in wt% by the price in dmtu; for example, a
Turkish lump ore containing 39% Cr2O3 was sold in May 2008 at a price of USD14.97/dmtu for
a price of $583/Mt ex ports (http://www.asianmetals.com). The value of lump ore increases
dramatically as the grade increases above 30%; no significant international trade takes place at
grades below this value. The value of a concentrate containing 50% Cr2O3 is approximately
$750/ton (http://www.asianmetals.com).
The smelting process adds considerable value to chromite ores if a deposit is large enough to
justify the capital cost of a smelter. The product of smelting is ferrochrome alloy, whose price
has rapidly increased in recent years due to interruptions of the electricity supply in South Africa
and mounting demand from China. The Q3 contract price for high-carbon 65% ferrochrome is
$US $2.05, up from about $US 0.60 in mid-2005
(http://www.metalprices.com/FreeSite/... The contained metal value in a ton of
ore at 40% Cr2O3 therefore is $1,890 a considerable increase over the May 2008 lump ore value
of about $600 ex ports.
The closest geological analogs to the Blackbird One Deposit are the Kemi Mine in Finland, the
Ipueira-Medrados Deposit in Brazil, and the Sukinda Valley Deposit in India. All consist of
massive chromitite bodies up to several tens of metres thick and hundreds of metres long, hosted
by ultramafic rocks predominantly consisting of dunite and harzburgite, and all are currently
being mined.
The Kemi Mine is the best described of these similar deposits. It is a massive body 40 metres
thick dipping 70°. Ore reserves in January 2006 were 41.1 Mt grading 24.5% Cr2O3 and
Inferred Resources of 86.1 Mt at 29% Cr2O3. The Cr/Fe ratio is 1.53. From 1968 to 2005
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mining was from an open pit, but with stripping ratios becoming intolerable in the late 1990's, an
underground operation was begun, and since 2006 all production has been from underground,
(Duke, 1998).
Production from Kemi in 2005 was 1.1 Mt, recovering 572,000 t of lumpy ore (36% Cr2O3) and
metallurgical grade concentrate with a grade of 44% Cr2O3, which were used to produce
235,000 t of ferrochrome (Duke, 1998).
Grades at Noront’s Blackbird One compare favourably with those at the world's most important
chromite producers. The deposit is the latest example of the Kemi Deposit type, represented by
important producing mines on three continents that collectively account for approximately one
third of global chromite production. A geophysical anomaly known to correspond to the
presence of massive chromitite persists for more than one kilometre along strike from the
Blackbird One Deposit, indicating that the potential exists for a multimillion ton resource
comparable in size to the Kemi, Sukinda Valley, or Ipueira-Medrados Deposits.
7.3 VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULPHIDE TYPE
All volcanic-associated massive sulphide deposits occur in terranes dominated by volcanic rocks.
The individual deposits however may be hosted predominantly by volcanic or sedimentary strata,
all of which form integral parts of a volcanic complex. Such deposits are also commonly referred
to as volcanogenic massive sulphides, or simply as VMS.
These deposits are important sources of base metals and precious metals in Canada. In 1988 they
produced 32.8% of Canada's copper, 29.4% of its lead, 56.3% of its zinc, 3.6% of its gold, and
30.4% of its silver.
The deposits occur in two distinct compositional groups, the
copper-zinc group and the
zinclead-
copper group,
according to their total contained copper, lead, and zinc (Figure 7.7). Using
the Zn/Zn+Pb ratio, the division between these two groups is established at 0.90. All are within sequences dominated by submarine volcanic rocks, and contain about 90% iron sulphide (pyrite dominant). They consist of two parts: massive sulphide ore that formed either on or immediately below the seafloor and generally less important vein and disseminated ore (stringer zone) that immediately underlies the massive sulphide ore. The stringer ore is usually within an intensely metasomatically altered “alteration pipe”. Deposits of the volcanic-associated massive sulphide type are important sources of copper, zinc, and lead; many deposits contain economically recoverable silver and gold. Cadmium, tin, indium, bismuth, and selenium are also recovered as smelter by products. These deposits occur in two principal geological settings; 1) in mafic-volcanic dominated areas, such as Archean and Proterozoic greenstone belts and modern and Phanerozoic spreading ridges and seamounts; 2) in areas containing subequal amounts of both mafic volcanic rocks and sedimentary strata, such as are in Phanerozoic arc sequences. Significant variation in the composition of these deposits, and the alteration associated with them, has been related to the depth of water under which the deposits formed. Morton and Franklin (1987) defined two groups: 1) Deposits typified by the Noranda and Matagami Lake Districts, Quebec (Figure 7.6) were formed at depths of considerably more than 500 metres. These are associated with sequences composed primarily of massive to pillowed mafic flows. Felsic ash-flow tuff beds are usually
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prominent immediately below the deposits, and felsic domes may immediately underlie or
enclose the ore. However, the amount of felsic rock in the footwall sequence may be only minor
(Flin Flon, Manitoba), or comprise as much as 30% (e.g. Noranda);
2) A second group of deposits, typified by those near Sturgeon Lake, Ontario, Hackett River,
Northwest Territories, and possibly the Kidd Creek Mine near Timmins, Ontario, are associated
with volcanic rocks deposited in subaerial to shallow marine environments (<500 metres). These
include mafic and felsic amygdaloidal and scoriaceous flows and pyroclastic rocks, volcanic
breccia, and epiclastic strata. Felsic rocks typically comprise 30% of the footwall sequence.
Both groups of deposits occur in volcanic sequences that have prominent subvolcanic intrusions
near their base. Trondhjemitic intrusions predominate (Noranda, Sturgeon Lake, Flin Flon, Snow
Lake), but a layered mafic intrusion forms the base of the Matagami Lake Sequence.
Figure 7.6: Classic Noranda-type VMS Deposit section (after Franklin et al. 1981)
Figure 7.7: Contours of tonnes of contained copper, lead, and zinc, in
approximately 800 massive sulphide deposits of both the volcanic-associated
and sediment-associated types from Canada, U.S.A., Japan, Scandinavia,
Spain, and Portugal (after Franklin et al., 1981)
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8.0 MINERALIZATION
The Eagle One Deposit is comprised of massive and net textured sulphides with little to no
disseminated sulphides in the deposit. Descriptions of the mineralization that follow are taken
directly from reports by Dr. James E. Mungall, Chief Geologist for Noront.
8.1 MASSIVE SULPHIDES
Massive sulphides at the Eagle One Deposit comprise pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite,
with subsidiary amounts of equant millimetric magnetite. In most examples the rocks are very
coarse-grained, with grain sizes up to 1 centimetre and well-formed pentlandite “eyes”.
Sometimes the pentlandite is seen to be aligned along microfractures. At peak metamorphic
conditions, all the Ni and perhaps all the Cu in the sulphide was probably present within a
homogeneous monosulphide solid solution. The pentlandite probably nucleated and grew during
retrogression from peak metamorphic conditions, and its occasional habit of forming along the
margins of fractures probably indicates that it was more easily nucleated on discontinuities. The
significance of these textural features is as follows: since the pentlandite that nucleated along
fractures is as coarse as the large isolated porphyroblasts (“eyes”), it is likely that all of the
pentlandite and hence all of the pyrrhotite show metamorphic texture and has been completely
annealed since peak metamorphic conditions. It is therefore important to recognize that even
extreme deformational textures that may have existed in the sulphide at peak conditions will
have been erased by recrystallization.
8.2 SULPHIDE BRECCIA (DURCHBEWEGUNG TECTURE)
There are many instances in the deposit of medium to very fine-grained massive sulphide veins
that are rich in inclusions of silicates and which may display pronounced gneissic foliation that
wraps around the clasts; in light of the comments above, these veins clearly must have
undergone extreme ductile deformation at post-peak metamorphic conditions. Motion along
these zones therefore was very late. Since sulphide minerals are very ductile at upper
greenschist or amphibolite facies conditions, massive sulphide bodies commonly serve as
nucleation points for faults. Once faulting begins along a surface that includes a massive
sulphide body, it is not unusual for the sulphides to be squeezed laterally into the fault plane for
distances of hundreds of metres away from their original sites. Under the same conditions that
allow rapid ductile deformation of the sulphides, the host silicate rocks will have been brittle. As
a result, the sulphide bodies tend to contain a mixture of brittle angular clasts and wavy schistose
clasts of host silicate rock.
8.3 SEMI-MASSIVE SULPHIDE
In some cases the massive sulphide texture grades into peridotite through a marginal zone in
which silicate minerals are completely bathed in sulphide and are not in mutual grain contact.
Rocks like this may preserve the textures formed at the point where immiscible sulphide liquid
was becoming fully separated from the hosting silicate crystal mush. However it is also possible
that this texture has resulted in part from tectonic disaggregation of net-textured sulphides (see
below), followed by complete annealing of the texture which would remove all textural evidence
of deformation.
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8.4 NET TEXTURED SULPHIDES
In this texture the silicate minerals form a closely-packed orthocumulate-textured framework, the
interstices of which are fully occupied by sulphide minerals. This arrangement is generally
understood to result from the invasion of a silicate crystal mush by dense immiscible sulphide
melt that has effectively expelled all the interstitial silicate melt. In a few examples at Eagle One
this net texture is observed to be occupied by large (up to 10 cm) pyrrhotite oikocrysts that
completely fill the interstices of the peridotite orthocumulate texture. Such large oikocrysts may
represent primary growth of monosulphide solid solution from the original sulphide melt.
Much of the net-textured sulphide mineralization at the Eagle One Deposit shows a distinct
metamorphic fabric. Subparallel wavy veinlets of sulphide minerals are present throughout the
rock, apparently the result of transfer of sulphide on the grain-scale from the net texture into
extensional features. This might have occurred by ductile flow of the sulphides or through
pressure solution. This foliation is commonly best developed in parts of the deposit that also
contain fine-grained sulphide breccias; the combination of metamorphic foliation and discrete
ductile shear zones indicates that significant deformation has taken place.
The large amounts of sulphide and of ultramafic cumulate make it absolutely clear that the Eagle
One Deposit formed in a magmatic conduit. No magma could have carried the observed amount
of sulphide in solution, therefore the sulphides have been left behind by a through-going volume
of magma much greater than what presently remains in the intrusion. Similarly, the mafic
chilled margins can be interpreted to represent samples of the liquid from which the intrusion
formed; the ultramafic rocks are cumulates that were gleaned from large volumes of mafic liquid
that deposited small increments of olivine and pyroxene as it passed by.
If the intrusion is accepted to be a conduit then it must be continuous over considerable distances
likely measurable in kilometres. Since diamond drilling has shown that it is surrounded on all
sides by older felsic intrusive rocks at surface, logic dictates that it must continue at depth. The
prospects for continued extension of the mineralized body to depth are excellent, as long as it is
not lost in a fault zone. In this regard it is encouraging to note that although the western margin
has been extensively modified by faulting, it is fundamentally an intrusive contact that is
preserved in situ. There is thus no immediate indication of a structural termination of the
mineralization.
The origins of the sulphides are slightly problematic. It is generally accepted that in order to
form a mass of immiscible sulphide liquid on the scale observed at the Eagle One Deposit, a
mafic or ultramafic magma must become contaminated by sulphide-rich crustal rock. At its
present level of exposure the mineralized intrusion is entirely surrounded by sulphur-poor felsic
intrusive rocks, leaving the origin of the required sulphide in doubt. Mungall suggests that the
presence of abundant magnetite-rich xenoliths in the intrusion records a previous episode of
assimilation of iron formation, which has added sufficient sulphide to the magma to induce
sulphide liquid saturation. The conduit has carried the slurry of sulphide droplets and small
xenoliths to their current location, requiring transport over considerable distances. This in turn
suggests that the Eagle One Deposit resides in a large magmatic system with lateral extents at
least as great as the distance to this same iron formation, which may be represented by the very
prominent magnetic lineament to the south of the deposit.
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8.5 GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALIZATION MODEL
On-going exploration work on the Double Eagle Property is partly predicated upon a conceptual
model of the mineralizing systems associated with the Ring of Fire. This model has been
formulated by incorporating recent drill data along with geophysical, geological and other
technical survey results. Salient features from other established geological models for similar
mineralizing systems from around the world have also been incorporated into the conceptual
model, which is in a constant state of revision as new data become available. Key points of the
Ring of Fire model are as follows:
•
A mantle derived, highly magnetic ultramafic intrusion (“the Ring of Fire Intrusion” or
“RFI”) has been emplaced along the margin of a regional scale granodiorite pluton which had been intruded into and caused a doming of the host Sachigo greenstone belt rocks The RFI is thus situated between the granodiorite on one hand (footwall) and the surrounding Sachigo greenstone belt rocks (hangingwall) on the other. The RFI is magnetically distinct allowing it to be traced more or less uninterrupted, for tens of kilometres along the granodiorite margin. It appears that a series of conduits cutting across the granodiorite have acted as feeders to the main RFI.
•
On a world wide basis ultramafic intrusions, such as the RFI, are known to host several
types of deposits:
•
Layered chromite deposits
•
Nickel-Copper deposits and
•
Platinum Group Metals (PGM) deposits.
•
Recent drilling within the Ring of Fire area confirms that both PGM-rich Ni-Cu deposits
(Eagle One and Two) and now chromitite deposits, (Blackbird One and Two) are associated with the RFI and its related conduit feeder system. On-going drilling by Noront and others suggest that the layered chromite mineralization is, as conceptually expected from the model, confined strictly to the main RFI while the platinum rich Ni-Cu sulphide mineralization appears, at least at this stage of exploration, to be related to the conduit feeders. Based on observations from similar intrusives globally there is no reason, at least conceptually, why Ni-Cu or PGM deposits could not be hosted by the RFI itself. The exploration potential in this regard remains to be tested.
•
According to the conceptual model, the high-grade Eagle One Deposit is interpreted as
occurring well within a conduit feeder, at some distance from the main RFI. The Eagle Two discovery on the other hand is interpreted as occurring within the “throat or mouth” portion of the conduit where it empties into the main RFI. The mineralization at this point in the system consists of mineralized zones that contain numerous thin Ni-Cu bearing sulphide layers or “fingers” that “feather” out into the main RFI.
•
The most recent drilling at Eagle Two suggests that the zone of finger-style
mineralization is coalescing and increasing in overall thickness as it is tested to the west, presumable into a conduit that is part of the original feeder system. The sulphide mineralization is also interpreted as moving away from the chromite mineralization further suggesting that the Eagle Two mineralizing environment is moving further away from the RFI and into a possible feeder conduit environment similar to that at Eagle One.
•
It is felt that the drill results obtained to date at Eagle Two are consistent with the
conceptual model which would suggest that there is significant potential for the discovery of another Eagle One - type deposit as the Eagle Two mineralization is traced westward into a possible feeder conduit.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 31 of 119
Eagle One Report No. 149
9.0 EXPLORATION
Since Noront acquired the Double Eagle Property in 2003, there have been a total of six airborne
and ground geophysical surveys undertaken as well as an 11 hole diamond drill program
completed by Probe in 2006, (prior to the 2007 diamond drill program undertaken by Noront). A
summary of each of the programs is presented in this section. Sub-sections 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 and 9.4
predate the discovery of the Eagle One Deposit, while sub-sections 9.5, 9.6 and 9.7 postdate it.
No other exploration work has been done on the Property apart from diamond drilling which is
presented in Section 10.0 of this report.
9.1 2003 FUGRO AIRBORNE SURVEY
An airborne magnetic and electromagnetic survey over the McFaulds Lake Area was carried out
by Fugro Airborne Surveys, (“Fugro”) between July 26th and August 10th 2003 from an
operating base at Pickle Lake, Ontario. A total of 2,148 line kilometres of data was collected,
which provided among other things, added detail to the sparse geologic information available for
the area.
The airborne magnetic and electromagnetic survey identified a number of interpreted bedrock
conductors that closely correlate with magnetic anomalies. The associated conductance estimates
are typically in the range of 30 to 50 siemens which is reasonable for sulphide mineralization. A
ground survey using a horizontal loop electromagnetic system and magnetometer was suggested
at the recommended locations and was completed in 2004.
9.2 2004 GROUND MAGNETIC AND HORIZONTAL LOOP EM SURVEY
In March and April 2004, Noront carried out two ground geophysical surveys on two separate
grids over its mineral claims in the McFaulds Lake area. The data were compiled and interpreted
by Scott Hogg & Associates Ltd. (“SHA”) of Toronto, Ontario.
Ground survey grids were cut with a line interval of 200 metres, perpendicular to a base line,
which was established using a GPS reference. The data were collected and presented with
reference to line and station.
The ground magnetic survey was carried out using a Scintrex MP3 proton recession
magnetometer. Readings were taken at 12.5 metre intervals along the line and recorded digitally
by the instrument. A second MP3 magnetometer, at a fixed location at the camp recorded diurnal
magnetic variation and a correction was applied in the field. The corrected digital magnetic files
were recorded on disk and sent to SHA in Toronto for compilation and analysis.
The magnetic data, collected as profiles, were gridded using the SI-Grid process developed by
SHA. This interpolation technique preserves all of the detail of the profile data and optimizes the
correlation of information between adjacent survey lines. The SI-Grid output was contoured at a
50 nT interval and presented in colour together with survey lines and geographic reference at
1:20,000 scale.
The ground horizontal loop electromagnetic survey was carried out using a MaxMin II
instrument. A coil spacing of 150 metres was used and the in-phase and quadrature response
amplitudes were recorded at 3 frequencies: 444, 1777 and 3555 Hz. Measurements were made
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Eagle One Report No. 149
every 25 metres and recorded manually. The field notes were converted to digital files and sent
to SHA.
On both grids, conductive axes of bedrock origin were mapped within and adjacent to magnetic
anomalies typical of metavolcanic rocks. It is possible that some or all of these conductors are
associated with sulphide mineralization. The weaker conductors may be indicative of minor
pyrite that can occur with gold mineralization and the stronger conductors with massive
sulphides. Further investigation is warranted but specific anomaly recommendations and
prioritization cannot be made solely on the basis of the available geophysical information. It is
also suggested that the circular magnetic anomaly in the northwest corner of Grid 2 might be
associated with a kimberlite pipe. Magnetic modelling, to determine whether the anomaly dip,
width and susceptibility is consistent with typical kimberlite, is recommended.
9.3 2006 CONDOR DIAMOND CORP IN-FILL GROUND MAGNETIC SURVEY
In 2003, Condor Diamond Corp., (“Condor”) staked several mining claims in the McFaulds Lake
area based on a regional aeromagnetic survey, (two of the claims were later optioned to Noront
and the Eagle One Deposit discovery was made on claim number 3012264). In early 2004,
Condor took part in a ground magnetic and horizontal loop electromagnetic survey that partially
covered one of these claims. Their target was kimberlite pipes. The claim was one of a
contiguous pair of four-unit claims that captured two aeromagnetic anomalies. The survey
revealed an elliptically shaped magnetic anomaly with an associated EM response. The original
line spacing was 200 metres and was considered insufficient to site a drill hole, and infill lines
were therefore recommended.
In February 2006, Condor contracted Greenstone Exploration Ltd. to survey infill lines and to
extend the survey to include the northwest claim. Work began on February 23
rd
and was
completed on March 1st. The raw data were forwarded to the offices of SHA in Toronto where they were compiled and interpreted. Three anomalies were identified, named A, B and C. Anomaly A - This anomaly was further resolved magnetically by the infill lines. The magnetic field data indicate a SW-NE striking elongated body with a peak amplitude of 4000 nT. The modeled body is steeply dipping, with a width of 40 metres to 75 metres, at a depth of 20 to 30 metres and a magnetic susceptibility of 0.016 to 0.018 emu.
*Anomaly A turned out to be the
Eagle One Deposit. Anomaly B - This 550 nT anomaly occurs on line 4800, with a slight response on line 5000. The model results show a steeply dipping body, with a width of approximately 115 metres and a depth of 55 metres. The magnetic susceptibility is 0.0049 emu. Anomaly C - The anomaly is immediately northwest of anomaly B on line 4800, with a peak amplitude of 1100nT. It has a lesser response on line 4600. The model results show a southeasterly dipping body, with a width of approximately 55 metres at a depth of 18 metres. The magnetic susceptibility is 0.00676 emu. 9.4 2006 PROBE DIAMOND DRILL PROGRAM Noront optioned the Double Eagle claims to Hawk Precious Minerals Inc., (now Hawk Uranium Inc.), who in turn optioned them to Probe Mines Ltd. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 33 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 Probe drilled eleven holes from February 14 through April 4, 2006 to test selected ground and airborne geophysical targets identified from previous surveys, (the closest hole to the Eagle One Deposit was drilled approximately 2.5 kilometres north-east of the deposit). The holes ranged in length from 103 to 167 metres for a total of 1,585 metres. The diamond drilling was undertaken by Norex Drilling of Timmins, Ontario and Cartwright Drilling of Newfoundland and Labrador. Drilling explained five of the ten conductors, with three targets being explained by sulphide mineralization, and two by significant fault structures. Five conductors were not identified and it was felt that they were likely due to thick clay deposits or possible conductivity associated with mafic/ultramafic mineralogy. The drilling provided geological information as well. When compared with the central portion of the Sachigo Greenstone Belt where the majority of the previous work had been carried out, there was found to be an increase in the volume of mafic to ultramafic lithologies associated with felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks. The conclusions stemming from the diamond drill program were that the geology and geophysical indications for the presence of VMS-type deposits were encouraging and a secondphase program of airborne geophysics and diamond drilling was proposed. Probe returned the claims to Noront in early 2007. 9.5 2007 NORONT AEROTEM II HELICOPTER SURVEY It is to be noted that the reports discussed in Sections 9.5, 9.6 and 9.7 post date the discovery of the Eagle One Deposit. In late 2007, following the discovery of the Eagle One Deposit, Noront carried out an airborne magnetic and electromagnetic survey over a more extensive area in McFaulds Lake. Other companies with properties in the vicinity and some with joint venture arrangements with Noront wished to participate in the airborne geophysical program. To meet the objectives of a multipartner program, Noront arranged for Billiken Management, (“Billiken”) to direct the operation. Billiken contracted Aeroquest Ltd., (“Aeroquest”) to fly the survey using the AeroTem II helicopter transient electromagnetic system. SHA were contracted to provide technical management, compilation and interpretation services. While the survey was in progress Aeroquest provided SHA with field-processed digital data from which preliminary maps, representative of the magnetic and electromagnetic data were prepared. An interim report that included preliminary anomaly identification and follow-up recommendations was also provided by SHA. When completed, the final Aeroquest data, maps and report were distributed. Follow-up investigation is recommended where a clear indication of a bedrock conductor has been interpreted. The highest priority recommendation was reserved for those with a high conductance that can often indicate major sulphide mineralization. Lower priorities are suggested for lower conductance indications; however, it is important to again note that the lower conductance values can be associated economic mineralization such as thinner zones of high value minerals or large zones of a less conductive mineral such as zinc. Twelve anomalies were identified (13 counting the Eagle One Deposit which showed up very well as a highly conductive body with a coincident magnetic anomaly). The twelve anomalies were prioritized as to high, medium, low and no follow-up recommended. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 34 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 One anomaly, 1-36 situated SSW of the Eagle One Deposit was considered high priority for follow-up. Anomalies 1-11 and 1-35 were considered medium priority for follow up and anomalies 1-07, 1-37 and 1-38 were considered low priority. The remaining five anomalies were not recommended for follow-up. 9.6 2007 MAGNETICS, HLEM AND GRAVITY SURVEYS OVER EAGLE ONE DEPOSIT 9.6.1 HLEM AND MAGNETIC SURVEYS Horizontal loop electromagnetic (HLEM or MaxMin) and magnetic surveys were done over the Eagle One Cu-Ni discovery. The field work was done in the period from September 17 to October 16, 2007 and detailed in report JVX 7-79. Total coverage was 26,900 metres HLEM and 44,687.5 metres magnetics. The grid is largely within claims 3012256, 3012259, 3012264 and 3012265. Total magnetic intensity readings were made at a station spacing of 12.5 metres using GEM Systems GSM-19 and/or Scintrex Envi magnetometer systems. The base station magnetometer was set to read the total magnetic intensity every 10 seconds. The survey grid is centered near 52° 44.5’ north, 86° 18’ west. For an elevation of 175 m, the IGRF on October 1, 2007 is defined by total magnetic intensity = 58,469 nT, inclination = 77.4° and declination = 8° west of north. . HLEM surveys were done with a 150 metre coil spacing at 440, 1760 and 3520 Hz. The reading interval was 25 metres. The HLEM coils were held horizontally at the pickets; the lines were slope chained. The terrain is flat – the operator entered 0% slope at all stations. A small lake in the southeast part of claim 3012264 means a gap in magnetic and HLEM coverage. The Eagle One Deposit is marked by a distinct magnetic high with a peak over 10,000 nT. The magnetic body looks to be no more than 150 metres in strike length and of modest width. Eagle One is also marked by strong 440 Hz HLEM anomalies consistent with multiple shallow, strong conductors. 9.6.2 GRAVITY SURVEY A gravity survey over the Eagle One Deposit was done by JVX Ltd., (“JVX”) and detailed in report JVX 7-84. Gravity readings were made at 198 stations on 9 traverse lines (49+00E to 54+00E). Station spacing was 25 or 50 metres. The Eagle One Deposit is clearly marked in the residual Bouguer gravity as a roughly circular gravity high of 0.6 mGal. The gravity high may be open to the south. Small outlier gravity highs were not explained. 9.7 2008 MAGNETIC, VLF, HLEM, GRAVITY AND LARGE LOOP TDEM SURVEYS Magnetic/VLF, Horizontal loop electromagnetic (HLEM or MaxMin), gravity and large loop TDEM surveys were done on all or parts of Grid 1 by JVX. Grid 1 includes the Eagle One Deposit and includes all or parts of claims 3005622, 3005670, 3008261, 3008773, 3008774, 3012256, 3012259 to 3012262, 3012264 and 3012265. Magnetic/VLF, HLEM and gravity P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 35 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 surveys reported here did not cover claims 3012264 and 3012265 – these claims were surveyed in late 2007 under JVX 7-79 and JVX 7-84 (see Sections 9.6.1 and 9.6.2). The field work was done in the period from January 20 to May 27, 2008. Total coverage was 144,330 metres (magnetic/VLF), 106,150 metres (HLEM), 50,225 metres or 2222 stations (gravity) and 62,575 metres (TDEM on 14 loops). Total magnetic intensity and VLF readings were taken every 12.5 metres. Horizontal loop EM (HLEM) surveys were done with a 150 metre coil spacing at 440 (or 880) and 1760 Hz, readings every 25 metres. Gravity surveys were done over selected grid sections at a station spacing of 25, 50 metres in areas of less interest. Large loop transient EM (TDEM) surveys were done over selected grid sections, readings every 25 or 50 metres. As of the date of this report, the interpretation, conclusions and recommendations had not been completed by JVX and were therefore not available. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 36 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 10.0 DRILLING Noront has been drilling continuously since acquiring the Condor claims in May 2007, on which the Eagle One Deposit is situated. Thirty five holes were drilled for a total of 5,387 metres at Eagle One. The holes were named NOT-07-01 through NOT-08-35. Drilling was undertaken on 50-metre spaced sections over dip lengths of up to 225 metres, and over a strike length of 200 metres. The drilling contractor was Cabo Drilling of Timmins, Ontario, who was later replaced by Forage Orbit Garant of Val-d’Or, Quebec. The initial holes were BQ diameter which was later replaced with NQ diameter holes. All holes were surveyed at the collar and downhole using a gyro instrument which measured dip and azimuth every 15 metres. Core recovery was considered excellent. A table of the significant intersections through the Eagle One Deposit is presented below. Table 10-1: Eagle One Significant Diamond Drill Intersections Hole # Intersection Nickel Copper Platinum Palladium Gold Silver (metres) % % g/t g/t g/t g/t NOT-07-01 71.5 1.1 0.9 0.7 2.1 0.1 2.9
including 36.0 1.8 1.5 1.1 3.5 0.1 4.8 NOT-07-02 86.4 1.9 1.2 1.0 3.2 0.1 4.1 NOT-07-05 117.4 4.1 2.2 2.1 7.1 0.4 6.3
including 68.2 5.9 3.1 2.9 9.8 0.6 8.5 NOT-07-07 51.5 3.7 1.5 2.3 7.5 0.8 5.2
including 2.8 8.5 3.0 22.2 22.4 0.2 10.1 NOT-07-09 45.6 2.9 1.8 0.6 7.2 0.2 5.0
including 17.4 4.8 3.9 1.0 14.8 0.3 11.3 NOT-07-11 21.3 1.7 1.0 0.6 3.8 0.1 3.9
including 1.6 7.1 4.8 2.5 14.7 0.2 14.0 NOT-07-12 94.5 1.4 0.6 0.7 2.6 0.1 1.9
including 9.5 7.0 1.5 2.6 10.0 0.2 5.2 NOT-07-14 64.1 1.5 0.8 1.0 2.8 0.1 0.0
including 3.6 7.5 3.4 5.0 9.1 0.1 0.0 NOT-07-16 40.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 2.5 0.2 2.0 NOT-07-17 81.0 1.6 0.8 0.9 3.0 0.1 3.1
including 7.5 6.8 1.5 2.2 6.6 0.2 6.1 NOT-07-18 124.6 2.4 1.1 1.1 3.9 0.3 3.9
including 18.8 7.4 3.2 1.1 10.2 0.2 8.9 NOT-07-19 17.8 1.3 0.4 0.6 1.9 0.1 1.7 NOT-07-27 46.2 6.3 2.8 1.9 10.2 3.0 7.3
including 35.6 7.9 3.5 1.7 12.8 3.9 9.3 NOT-07-28 73.2 1.3 0.7 0.6 2.6 0.3 2.2
including 42.0 1.6 0.8 0.8 3.1 0.5 2.8 NOT-07-29 65.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 2.9 0.1 3.3 NOT-08-30 84.7 1.1 0.8 0.3 2.1 0.6 2.8
including 11.1 3.5 3.5 0.5 9.0 0.2 9.3 NOT-08-32 57.7 1.9 0.9 1.1 3.7 0.2 9.0
including 7.6 6.6 1.7 0.1 3.9 0.1 0.4 NOT-08-33 63.0 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 4.5
including 15.3 1.5 0.7 0.7 2.4 0.1 1.9 NOT-08-34 38.5 2.3 1.7 2.2 5.5 0.2 4.9
including 10.6 6.9 5.1 2.5 14.1 0.4 15.1 NOT-08-35 35.5 1.1 0.5 0.7 2.1 0.1 4.4
including 14.5 2.3 0.9 0.8 3.0 0.2 3.7 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 37 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 The Eagle One Deposit was intersected in 23 out of the 35 holes drilled and is currently defined over a strike length of 200 metres and to a depth of 225 metres. The Deposit dips semi vertically and remains open at depth. All widths reported in the above drilling table are apparent, and true widths of the intersections are approximately 2/3 of those reported. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 38 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 11.0 SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH All drill core was picked up from the drills twice daily at shift change and flown by helicopter to the base camp. The core was taken to the core shack where it was logged by one of the geologists on the project. Mineralization was identified as being either disseminated, net textured or massive sulphide and details as to the type and percentage of mineralization were recorded in the logs. Sample intervals were chosen based on geology and contacts between the different types of mineralization were not crossed. Typical sample intervals ranged from 1 to 1.5 metres but may have varied slightly at the geologist’s discretion. Each sample interval has a unique sample tag. Core was sawn in half using an electric saw equipped with a diamond-embedded blade. After sawing, core samples are placed in plastic sample bags, sealed with tape and placed inside a rice bag, which is then placed inside a plastic bucket. All the sample numbers are recorded on a sample shipment form which is inserted into each bucket. Once the bucket is full, the lid is hammered on and a security seal is attached joining the bucket and lid. The buckets are flown to Thunder Bay via Nakina Air Services who fly in and out of the camp on an almost daily basis. Approximately half the holes were sent to ALS Chemex Labs in Thunder Bay for prep, with the pulps forwarded to Vancouver for analysis. The other half of the holes were sent to SGS Mineral Services in Toronto for preparation and analysis. There are no obvious drilling, sampling or recovery factors that would impact the reliability of the core samples. The even distribution of the sulphides in all types of mineralization ensures that the samples are of high quality and representative of the material or mineralization being sampled. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 39 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 12.0 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY Samples awaiting shipment to Thunder Bay are placed in the outbound cargo area beside the trail leading to the lake. When the plane arrives the buckets are taken to the plane and loaded on. Samples were not secured in locked facilities as this precaution was deemed unnecessary due to the remote and isolated camp location. No aspect of the sample preparation was conducted by an employee, officer, director or associate of Noront. 12.1 ALS CHEMEX ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL The split drill core samples were crushed in their entirety to 90% passing 2 millimetres and the crusher was cleaned with barren rock between samples. From the coarse rejects a sub-sample of one kilogram was split and pulverized to 85% passing 75 microns. The pulveriser was cleaned with silica sand between samples. From each pulp, a 100-gram sub-sample was split and shipped to the ALS Chemex laboratory in Vancouver, British Columbia for assay. The remainder of the pulp and the rejects are held at the preparation laboratory in Thunder Bay for future reference. The ALS Chemex quality system complies with the requirements of the international standards ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 17025:2005 and operates at all laboratory sites. The base metals of economic interest (nickel and copper), were determined using a 0.2-gram aliquot that was subjected to Geochemical Procedure MS61, (ALS Chemex internal code). This method uses a four-acid solution to digest the sample, followed by ICP-AES or ICP-AAS finish. Silver was digested using aqua regia (3-acid) followed by AAS. The precious metals gold, platinum and palladium, were determined using Procedure PGMICP27 (ALS Chemex internal code) on a thirty-gram fire assay, followed by ICP-AES. 12.2 SGS MINERAL SERVICES ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Approximately half way through the drill program, Noront began using the services of SGS Mineral Services in Toronto, Ontario instead of ALS Chemex. The change was made in hopes that the assay turn around time would be improved from the almost 8 weeks at Chemex. SGS Minerals Services are ISO/IEC 17025 accredited and most major regional facilities are ISO 9001 certified. The split drill core samples were crushed in their entirety to 90% passing 2 millimetres and the crusher was cleaned with barren rock between samples. From the coarse rejects a sub-sample of one kilogram was split and pulverized to 85% passing 75 microns. The pulveriser was cleaned with silica sand between samples. From each pulp, a 100-gram sub-sample was split for assay. The remainder of the pulp and the rejects are held at the preparation laboratory in Toronto for future reference. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 40 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 The base metals of economic interest (nickel and copper), were determined using a 0.2-gram aliquot that was subjected to Geochemical Procedure ICP40B, (SGS internal code). This method uses a four-acid solution to digest the sample, followed by ICP-AES or ICP-AAS finish. Following discussions with SGS, the method for Ni and Cu was changed to a sodium peroxide fusion decomposition (ICP90Q) and analyzed by ICO-OES, as it was believed by SGS that the results for Ni and Cu would be more accurate with this method. The author had the site visit samples analyzed using 3 different methods, the results of which are presented in Section 13 of this report. Little to no difference in values was observed between the 4-acid digest and the sodium peroxide fusion methods. Silver was digested using aqua regia (3-acid) followed by AAS. The precious metals gold, platinum and palladium, were determined using Procedure FA1323 (SGS internal code) on a thirty-gram fire assay, followed by ICP-AES. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 41 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 13.0 DATA VERIFICATION 13.1 SITE VISIT AND INDEPENDENT SAMPLING A visit was made to the McFaulds Lake camp from April 8 to April 10, 2008. The Eagle One Deposit core was examined and 24 samples were taken in 15 holes by taking ¼ splits of the half remaining core. An effort was made to sample both the net textured and massive sulphides equally with a range of grades. At no time were any employees of Noront or Billiken advised as to the identification of the samples to be chosen during the visit. The samples were selected by the author of this section, ¼ sawn by the technician and placed by the author into sample bags which were sealed with tape and placed in a rice bag which was then placed in a plastic pail for shipping. Two certified reference materials were inserted into the shipment. Two pails were necessary to contain the 24 samples. The pails were loaded onto the Cessna Caravan operated by Nakina Air Services and flown to Thunder Bay where they were delivered by the author to Activation Laboratories (“Actlabs”) for preparation. From Thunder Bay the pails were picked up by Fedex Courier and delivered to the Ancaster Division of Actlabs for analysis. In order to estimate the Ni contained in the silicates, a 3-acid (aqua regia) digest was requested (3-acid will not dissolve silicates), a 4-acid digest was also requested (will dissolve silicates), as well as a lithium metaborate fusion which is a more aggressive digestion method. The 3 methods were compared as well as being compared to the original Noront assays, and the results for Ni are presented in Figure 13.1. The results demonstrate that 3-acid is not an appropriate method, as there is Ni remaining in the undigested silicates. The 4-acid and lithium metaborate fusion methods did not differ in their results apart from the analytical variability. Figure 13.2 presents the results for Cu and Figure 13.3 presents the results for combined total PGE. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 42 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Ni % Sample number Eagle One Site Visit Verification Samples Ni by 3 Different Methods Ni% P&E 4 acid
Ni% P&E fusion Ni% P&E 3 acid
Ni% NOT 4 acid Figure 13.1: Comparison of Nickel Results using 3 Different Analytical Methods 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Cu % Sample number Eagle One Site Visit Verification Samples Cu by 3 Different Methods Cu % P&E 4 acid
Cu % P&E fusion Cu% P&E 3 acid
Cu% NOT 4 acid Figure 13.2: Comparison of Copper Results using 3 Different Analytical Methods P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 43 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 193075 193076 193077 193078 193079 193081 193082 193083 193084 193085 193086 193087 193088 193089 193090 193091 193092 193093 193094 193095 193096 193097 193098 193099 Total PGE g/t Sample number Eagle One Site Visit Verification Samples Total PGE Combined PGE NOT g/t Combined PGE P&E g/t Figure 13.3: Comparison of Total PGE 13.2 NORONT QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM From drill hole NOT-07-05 and for the remainder of the drilling, a quality control (QC) program was set up by P&E and instituted by Noront. Holes NOT-07-01 and NOT-07-02 were not covered by QC and holes NOT-07-03 and 04 did not intersect mineralization. The QC program involved the insertion of two certified reference materials that monitored the lab accuracy on the Cu, Ni and PGE analyses, blank material comprised of sterile granodiorite drill core and field (1/4 core), coarse reject and pulp duplicates. The QC monitoring was done on a real-time basis, that is, as the lab certificates were received, the QC data were graphed to ensure results were accurate as defined by a strict protocol determined between the author of this section and the labs. It is to be noted that likely due to the labs’ overextended capacity there were problems with the QC in that the certified reference materials were often not meeting the required norms. This problem was noted and dealt with on a real-time basis and work orders were rerun as required. Once the data were shown to have passed the QC, they were transferred to the Master database. All of the data in the Master database met the QC requirements. It is the author’s opinion that the sample preparation, security and analytical procedures were satisfactory. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 44 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 14.0 ADJACENT PROPERTIES Since the Eagle One Deposit discovery in September 2007, interest in the area has increased tremendously, resulting in the entire arcuate shaped “Ring of Fire” having been staked in the past 11 months. Noront’s land position in the “Ring of Fire” includes the Double Eagle Property, 11 additional joint ventures (of which Noront is operator of 9), and 3 floating blocks of claims that lie within the Ring of Fire but are not contiguous to any other defined property package. The Double Eagle Property alone covers over 41,000 hectares of land, and with the addition of the joint venture claims, the area in which Noront is implicated is increased greatly, see Figure 14.1. Deposit types such as VMS (McFaulds No. 1 and No. 3), MMS, (Noront’s Eagle One and Eagle Two), Chromite (Noront’s Blackbird One and Two), and diamonds (Kyle kimberlite pipes) are all known to occur. The Metalex /WSR joint venture intersected VMS –style mineralization in May in the “Ring of Fire” and at the time of writing, assays were still pending. The author has not verified the mineralization outside the Double Eagle Property and the reader is cautioned that mineralization on properties adjacent to the Double Eagle Property is not necessarily indicative of mineralization on the Double Eagle Property. An important aspect in defining a metal district is that there exist many different styles of mineralization and metals throughout the belt occurring in varying rock types. This is the case for the Abitibi Greenstone Belt in which there are gold and base metal deposits in rocks varying from gold in ultramafics (Dunite Sill at Sigma II deposit) to gold and base metals in VMS-style intermediate to felsic rocks, (Bousquet Camp: (Laronde Mine, Bousquet I and II Mines), Noranda Camp), to gold in mafic volcanic and granodiorite to diorite intrusions (Sigma and Lamaque Mines). The Dome Mine in Timmins is hosted largely by sedimentary conglomerates as well as mafic and felsic rocks. These are to name but a few examples. It is the author’s opinion that this new metal district, the currently known deposits in the Ring of Fire, and Noront’s vast land position make the adjacent properties a significant upside to the Double Eagle Property. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 45 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 Figure 14.1: Noront Joint Venture Properties in the Ring of Fire. McFaulds Lake is pictured in the bottom east corner of the map. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 46 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 15.0 METALLURGICAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING There has been no metallurgical testing or any metallurgical processing on this property. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 47 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 16.0 MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES 16.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report section is to delineate the Eagle One Deposit Resources in compliance with NI 43-101 and CIM standards. This resource estimate was undertaken by Eugene Puritch, P.Eng. and Antoine Yassa, P.Geo. of P & E Mining Consultants Inc. of Brampton Ontario, who are the independent Qualified Persons within the meaning of NI 43-101. The effective date of this resource estimate is July 3, 2008. 16.2 DATABASE All drilling data were provided by Noront in the form of a Microsoft Access database, Excel files, drill logs and assay certificates. Seven (7) drill cross sections were developed on a local grid looking north on a 25 metre spacing named from 3525-N to 3675-N. A Gemcom database was provided by Noront containing 29 diamond drill holes of which 23 were utilized in the resource calculation. The remaining data were not in the area that was modeled for this resource estimate. A surface drillhole plan is shown in Appendix I. The database was validated in Gemcom with minor corrections required. The assay table of the database contained 1,238 assays for Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Au and Ag. All data are expressed in metric units and grid coordinates are in the NAD83 UTM system. 16.3 DATA VERIFICATION Verification of assay data entry was performed on 1,182 assay intervals for Ni, Cu, Co, Au, Pt and Pd. A few very minor discrepancies were observed and related to averaging multiple results and determination of values below detection limits. No corrections were required. The 1,182 intervals were verified against digital assay lab certificates from ALS Chemex and SGS Mineral Services. The verified assays represented 96% of the data to be used for the resource estimate and approximately 95% of the entire database. 16.4 DOMAIN INTERPRETATION Domain boundaries were determined from lithology, structure and NSR boundary interpretation from visual inspection of drill hole sections. Two domains were developed, named Massive in the core of the deposit and Disseminated surrounding the Massive domain. These domains were physically created with computer screen digitizing on drill hole sections in Gemcom by the authors of this report. The outlines were influenced by the selection of mineralized material that demonstrated massive and disseminated mineralization characteristics, and zonal continuity along strike and down dip. In a very few cases, some mineralization below characteristic grades was included for the purpose of maintaining zonal continuity. Smoothing was utilized to remove obvious jogs and dips in the domains and incorporated a minor addition of Inferred mineralization. This exercise allowed for easier domain creation without triangulation errors from solids validation. On each section, polyline interpretations were digitized from drill hole to drill hole but not extended more than 25 metres into untested territory. Minimum constrained true width for interpretation was 2.0 metres. The interpreted polylines from each section were “wireframed” in P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 48 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 Gemcom into a 3-dimensional domain. The resulting solids (domains) were used for statistical analysis, grade interpolation, rock coding and resource reporting purposes. See Appendix II. 16.5 ROCK CODE DETERMINATION The rock codes used for the resource model were derived from the two mineralized domain solids and are listed below: Rock Code Description 0 Air 10 Massive Sulphide Domain 20 Disseminated Domain 99 Waste Rock 16.6 COMPOSITES Length weighted composites were generated for the drill hole data that fell within the constraints of the above-mentioned domains. These composites were calculated for Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Au and Ag over 1.5 metre lengths starting at the first point of intersection between assay data hole and hanging wall of the 3-D zonal constraint. The compositing process was halted upon exit from the footwall of the aforementioned constraint. Un-assayed intervals were treated as null data. Any composites calculated that were less than 0.5 metres in length, were discarded so as to not introduce a short sample bias in the interpolation process. The composite data were transferred to Gemcom extraction files for the grade interpolation as X, Y, Z, Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Au and Ag files. 16.7 GRADE CAPPING Grade capping was investigated on the raw assay values in the combined domains to ensure that the possible influence of erratic high values did not bias the database. Extraction files were created for constrained Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Au and Ag data within each mineralized domain. From these extraction files, log-normal histograms were generated. Refer to Appendix III for graphs. Table 16.1: Grade Capping Values Massive Sulphide Domain Element Capping Value Number of Assays Capped Cumulative Percent for Capping Raw Coefficient of Variation Capped Coefficient of Variation Ni No Cap 0 100 0.36 0.36 Cu No Cap 0 100 0.58 0.58 Pt 12.5 g/t 5 96.6 2.85 1.84 Pd 25.0 g/t 4 97.3 0.47 0.43 Au 1.0 g/t 8 94.5 8.86 0.99 Ag No Cap 0 100 0.56 0.56 Disseminated Domain Element Capping Value Number of Assays Capped Cumulative Percent for Capping Raw Coefficient of Variation Capped Coefficient of Variation Ni 3.5 % 19 97.1 0.92 0.66 Cu 4.5 % 8 98.8 1.15 1.08 Pt 6.5 g/t 7 99.0 2.47 1.12 Pd 12.0 g/t 5 99.3 0.77 0.73 Au 1.5 g/t 6 99.1 6.11 1.49 Ag No Cap 0 100 1.11 1.11 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 49 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 16.8 VARIOGRAPHY Variography was carried out on the constrained domain composites within the domains of the deposit model. The Disseminated domain composites allowed the generation of reasonable omnivariograms and down dip variograms. The Massive Sulphide domain consisted of populations too small to yield discernable variograms. The search ranges from the Disseminated domain variography were applied to the Massive Sulphide domain. See Appendix IV. 16.9 BULK DENSITY The bulk density used for the resource model was derived from measurements of bulk density test work performed on drill core by Noront, as well as 22 samples done on drill core by ALS Chemex Labs with the same samples done on pulps using a pycnometer. A total of 71 values were used, which represented all the Massive and Disseminated domains. The bulk density block model was coded with a simple spherical interpolation pass. The resulting average bulk densities within the constraining domains utilizing these samples were calculated to be 4.34 tonnes/m3 for massive sulphides and 2.98 tonnes /m3 for disseminated sulphides. 16.10 BLOCK MODELING The resource model was divided into a 3D block model framework. The block model has 720,000 blocks that were 5m in the X direction, 5m in the Y direction and 5m in the Z direction. There were 100 columns (X), 120 rows (Y) and 60 levels (Z). The block model was rotated 20 degrees clockwise. Separate block models were created for rock type, density, percent, Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Au, Ag and NSR. The percent block model was set up to accurately represent the volume and subsequent tonnage that was occupied by each block inside each constraining domain. As a result, the domain boundaries were properly represented by the percent model ability to measure infinitely variable inclusion percentages within a particular domain. The Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Au and Ag composites were extracted from the Microsoft Access database composite table into separate files for each Mineralized Zone. Inverse distance squared (1/d2) grade interpolation was utilized. There were two interpolation passes performed on the massive and disseminated domains for each element for the Indicated and Inferred classifications. The resulting Ni, Cu, and NSR blocks can be seen on the block model cross-sections and plans in Appendix V and VI. The grade blocks within the domains were interpolated using the following parameters: Table 16.2: Block Model Interpolation Parameters Massive Sulphide and Disseminated Domains - Indicated Massive Sulphide Domain Element Capping Value Number of Assays Capped Cumulative Percent for Capping Raw Coefficient of Variation Capped Coefficient of Variation Ni No Cap 0 100 0.36 0.36 Cu No Cap 0 100 0.58 0.58 Pt 12.5 g/t 5 96.6 2.85 1.84 Pd 25.0 g/t 4 97.3 0.47 0.43 Au 1.0 g/t 8 94.5 8.86 0.99 Ag No Cap 0 100 0.56 0.56 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 50 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 Massive Sulphide and Disseminated Domains - Inferred Disseminated Domain Element Capping Value Number of Assays Capped Cumulative Percent for Capping Raw Coefficient of Variation Capped Coefficient of Variation Ni 3.5 % 19 97.1 0.92 0.66 Cu 4.5 % 8 98.8 1.15 1.08 Pt 6.5 g/t 7 99.0 2.47 1.12 Pd 12.0 g/t 5 99.3 0.77 0.73 Au 1.5 g/t 6 99.1 6.11 1.49 Ag No Cap 0 100 1.11 1.11 16.11 RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION For the purposes of this resource, classifications of all interpolated grade blocks were determined from the Ni grade interpolations for Indicated and Inferred due to Ni being the dominant revenue producing element in the NSR calculation. See block model classification cross-sections and plans in Appendix VII and VIII. 16.12 RESOURCE ESTIMATE The resource estimate was derived from applying an NSR cut-off grade to the block model and reporting the resulting tonnes and grade for potentially mineable areas. The following calculations demonstrate the rationale supporting the NSR cut-off grade that determines the potentially economic portion of the mineralized domains. NSR Cut-Off Grade Calculation Components (All currency $C unless stated otherwise) $C/$US (Exchange Rate ....................................... Ni Price ....................................... US $12.00/lb Cu Price ....................................... US $3.00/lb Pt Price ....................................... $1,250/oz Pd Price ....................................... US $325oz Au Price ....................................... $650/oz Ag Price ....................................... $12.00/oz Massive Sulphide Ni Concentrate Ni Flotation Recovery ....................................... 80% Cu Flotation Recovery ....................................... 5% Pt Flotation Recovery ....................................... 50% Pd Flotation Recovery ....................................... 60% Au Flotation Recovery ....................................... 0% Ag Flotation Recovery ....................................... 0% Concentration Ratio ....................................... 2.2:1 Ni Smelter Payable ....................................... 92% P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 51 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 Cu Smelter Payable ....................................... 90% Pt Smelter Payable ....................................... 65% Pd Smelter Payable ....................................... 65% Au Smelter Payable ....................................... 0% Ag Smelter Payable ....................................... 0% Massive Sulphide Cu Concentrate Ni Flotation Recovery ....................................... 3% Cu Flotation Recovery ....................................... 92% Pt Flotation Recovery ....................................... 15% Pd Flotation Recovery ....................................... 23% Au Flotation Recovery ....................................... 65% Ag Flotation Recovery ....................................... 65% Concentration Ratio ....................................... 10.0:1 Ni Smelter Payable ....................................... 0% Cu Smelter Payable ....................................... 97% Pt Smelter Payable ....................................... 42% Pd Smelter Payable ....................................... 69% Au Smelter Payable ....................................... 90% Ag Smelter Payable ....................................... 90% Disseminated Ni Concentrate Ni Flotation Recovery ....................................... 80% Cu Flotation Recovery ....................................... 5% Pt Flotation Recovery ....................................... 50% Pd Flotation Recovery ....................................... 60% Au Flotation Recovery ....................................... 0% Ag Flotation Recovery ....................................... 0% Concentration Ratio ....................................... 12.5:1 Ni Smelter Payable ....................................... 92% Cu Smelter Payable ....................................... 90% Pt Smelter Payable ....................................... 65% Pd Smelter Payable ....................................... 65% Au Smelter Payable ....................................... 0% Ag Smelter Payable ....................................... 0% P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 52 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 Disseminated Cu Concentrate Ni Flotation Recovery ....................................... 3% Cu Flotation Recovery ....................................... 92% Pt Flotation Recovery ....................................... 15% Pd Flotation Recovery ....................................... 65% Au Flotation Recovery ....................................... 65% Ag Flotation Recovery ....................................... 65% Concentration Ratio ....................................... 37.5:1 Ni Smelter Payable ....................................... 0% Cu Smelter Payable ....................................... 97% Pt Smelter Payable ....................................... 42% Pd Smelter Payable ....................................... 69% Au Smelter Payable ....................................... 90% Ag Smelter Payable ....................................... 90% Ni Refining Charges ....................................... US $0.50/lb Cu Refining Charges ....................................... US $0.10/lb Pt Refining Charges ....................................... $15.00/oz Pd Refining Charges ....................................... $15.00/oz Au Refining Charges ....................................... $15.00/oz Ag Refining Charges ....................................... $0.30/oz Ni Smelter Treatment Charges ...................... US $150/tonne Cu Smelter Treatment Charges ..................... US $130/tonne Concentrate Shipping .................................... US $125/tonne Humidity Factor.………&hell... The above data were derived from similar studies on other Ni-Cu-PGE deposits. In the anticipated underground operation of the Eagle One Deposit, the mining, processing and G&A costs combine for a total of ($60 + $30 + $25) = $115/tonne milled which became the NSR cut-off value. The resulting underground resource estimate can be seen in the following table: P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 53 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 Table 16-3: Resource Estimate @ $115/tonne NSR Cut-off Grade Indicated Tonnes Ni (%) Cu (%) Au (g/t) Pt (g/t) Pd (g/t) Ag (g/t) Ni lbs millions Cu lbs millions Au (oz) Pt (oz) Pd (oz) Ag (oz) Massive 233,000 6.52 3.45 0.24 1.94 12.2 1 9.75 33.4 17.7 1,800 14,500 91,400 72,900 Disseminated 1,601,000 1.30 0.85 0.14 1.00 2.70 2.94 45.8 29.9 7,300 51,700 139,100 151,500 Total Indicated 1,834,000 1.96 1.18 0.15 1.12 3.91 3.81 79.2 47.6 9,100 66,200 230,500 224,400 Inferred Tonnes Ni (%) Cu (%) Au (g/t) Pt (g/t) Pd (g/t) Ag (g/t) Ni lbs millions Cu lbs millions Au oz Pt (oz) Pd (oz) Ag (oz) Massive 217,000 7.00 2.86 0.18 3.00 11.75 8.70 33.5 13.7 1,300 20,900 82,000 60,700 Disseminated 870,000 1.24 0.88 0.12 0.97 2.69 3.09 23.7 16.8 3,300 27,000 75,300 86,300 Total Inferred 1,087,000 2.39 1.27 0.13 1.37 4.50 4.21 57.2 30.5 4,600 47,900 157,300 147,000 (1) Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Estimated mining costs, metallurgical recoveries and project infrastructure costs in this report may materially affect this resource estimate due to those components not being studied in sufficient detail to accurately predict their realized values. The estimate of mineral resources may also be materially affected by environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing or other relevant issues. There is no guarantee that Noront will be successful in obtaining any or all of the requisite consents, permits or approvals, regulatory or otherwise for the project or that the project will be placed into production. (2) The quantity and grade of reported Inferred resources in this estimation are uncertain in nature and there has been insufficient exploration to define these Inferred resources as an Indicated or Measured mineral resource and further exploration drilling is required to determine whether they can be upgraded to an Indicated or Measured mineral resource category. It should be noted that the mineral resources in this estimate were calculated using the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM), CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves, Definitions and Guidelines prepared by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions and adopted by CIM Council December 11, 2005. 16.13 CONFIRMATION OF ESTIMATE As a test of the reasonableness of the estimate, the block model was queried at a 0.01 % Ni cut off grade with blocks in all classifications summed and their grades weight averaged. This average is the average grade of all blocks within the mineralized domains. The values of the interpolated grades for the block model were compared to the length weighted capped average grades and average grade of composites of all samples from within the domains. The results are presented below: Table 16.4: Comparison of Weighted Average Grade of Capped Assays and Composites with Total Block Model Average Grade Massive Sulphide Domain Category Ni (%) Cu (%) Au (g/t) Pt (g/t) Pd (g/t) Ag (g/t) Capped Assays 6.56 2.99 0.26 2.59 11.58 8.4 Composites 6.55 3.09 0.25 2.76 11.56 8.6 Block Model 6.89 3.01 0.18 2.79 11.65 8.7 Disseminated Domain Category Ni (%) Cu (%) Au (g/t) Pt (g/t) Pd (g/t) Ag (g/t) Capped Assays 1.24 0.85 0.12 0.83 2.51 2.5 Composites 1.23 0.79 0.13 0.82 2.49 2.6 Block Model 1.18 0.80 0.13 0.85 2.55 2.8 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 54 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 The comparison above shows the average grade of all of the Ni, Cu, Au, Pt, Pd and Ag blocks in each domain to be similar to the weighted average of all capped assays and composites used for grade estimation. In addition, a volumetric comparison was performed with the block volume of the model vs. the geometric calculated volume of the domain solids. Massive Sulphide Domain Block Model Volume 105,543 m3 Geometric Domain Volume 105,485 m3 Difference 0.05 % Disseminated Domain Block Model Volume 885,903 m3 Geometric Domain Volume 885,546 m3 Difference 0.04 % P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 55 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 17.0 OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION A petrographic study was undertaken by M.A. McKeough on drill core from holes NOT-07-01 and NOT-07-02, (prior to the intersection of drillhole NOT-07-05 and an understanding that a deposit had been discovered). Seven samples were collected from NOT-07-02 and one sample from NOT-07-01. The eight polished thin sections and cut samples were investigated by transmitted and reflected light microscopy and followed up on with electron microprobe analysis in order to identify the host rocks to the sulphide mineralization and unravel the host rock alteration. The conclusions were that most of the sections were peridotites, apart from one interval in NOT- 07-02 that was found to be a granodiorite. Certain textural and alteration features, as well as a high concentration of MgO may suggest that the rocks were mantle derived igneous rocks, (otherwise known as komatiitic flows or peridotitic intrusions). The samples had undergone extreme, low temperature hydrothermal alteration which produced serpentinized olivine cumulates as well as two phases of chlorite alteration: 1) phlogopitetremolite- chlorite (Mg-rich) and 2), serpentine-chlorite (non Mg-rich). The sulphides demonstrated both net-texture and massive texture. In spite of the different textures, they both showed the same appearances of coarse-grained and fractured pentlandite with finely disseminated and blebby chalcopyrite in a coarse-grained pyrrhotite matrix. The sulphides appeared not to have been affected by the extreme metamorphism and low temperature alteration seen in the gangue minerals. However pentlandite displayed some alteration in fractures, seen with the presence of violarite (<1% in a section but perhaps present in others) and can perhaps be attributed to the hydrothermal alteration the rocks have undergone. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 56 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 18.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18.1 CONCLUSIONS The Eagle One Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit is comprised of a massive sulphide core containing high grade Ni-Cu-PGE values, surrounded by lower grade net textured sulphides. The large amounts of sulphide and ultramafic cumulate make it clear that it formed in a magmatic conduit which is likely continuous over considerable distances, (likely measurable in kilometres). Diamond drilling has shown that the deposit is surrounded on all sides by older felsic intrusive rocks. continue at depth. The prospects for continued extension of the mineralized body to depth are excellent, as long as it is not lost in a fault zone. Although the western margin has been extensively modified by faulting, it is fundamentally an intrusive contact that is preserved in situ and there is no immediate indication of a structural termination of the mineralization. In addition to the Eagle One Deposit, Noront has also discovered, two kilometres south-west, the Blackbird One Chromite Deposit, the Eagle Two shear-hosted Ni-Cu-PGE deposit (collectively also known as the AT2 anomaly) and most recently the Blackbird Two Chromite Occurrence. Each one remains to be defined in detail. At the time of writing of this report, two drill holes had been completed on Anomaly AT12, which returned encouraging widths of visual copper-nickeliron sulphide mineralization up to 29.2 metres in peridotite host rock. Assays are pending. There are also many more geophysical anomalies which remain to be tested on the Double Eagle Property claims surrounding the Eagle One Deposit. 18.2 RECOMMENDATIONS A total budget of $12,300,000 is recommended to follow up at Eagle One, and to continue defining and delineating the other deposits on the property such as Eagle Two, Blackbird One and Two, as well as other geophysical anomalies. The authors feel that the large budget is warranted, given that the project is now entering a predevelopment stage and will require considerable infrastructure upgrades and advanced studies in order to proceed to the next level. In addition, geophysical indications are that the Ring of Fire Intrusion continues across the entire Double Eagle Property, and that Noront has continued success at intersecting mineralization in areas several kilometres from the Eagle One Deposit. For the Eagle One Deposit, the following recommendations are made: • Continue diamond drilling to potentially upgrade resource categories and extend the
deposit at depth; • Complete a preliminary economic assessment (scoping study).
A budget of $3,500,000 is allotted for this work. For the Eagle Two and Blackbird One Deposits, the following recommendations are made: • Delineation diamond drilling for the purposes of an initial resource estimate; • NI 43-101 compliant resource estimates on Eagle Two and Blackbird One.
A budget of $2,150,000 is allotted for this work. For the Blackbird Two Chromite Occurrence, continued exploration diamond drilling is recommended. A budget of $1,050,000 is allotted for this work. For the AT12 anomaly continued exploration diamond drilling is recommended. The budget allotted for this work is $875,000. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 57 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 For the remainder of the Double Eagle Property, the following recommendations are made: • Follow up on the defined airborne anomalies with ground geophysics; • Diamond drilling to test best targets.
A budget of $1,800,000 is allotted for this work. These programs should be undertaken concurrently in as much as the manpower and equipment allow. In addition to the exploration work, it is recommended to construct a semi-permanent airstrip, as the current one is on McFaulds Lake which necessitates skis in the winter, floats in the summer and during spring break-up is not accessible. Currently the camp houses temporary facilities and a new camp more appropriately sized to house the large numbers of people should be built. A budget of $1,750,000 should be allotted for this. The proposed budget is presented in Table 18-1. Table 18-1: Proposed Eagle One and Double Eagle Property Budget E AGL E ONE Uni t cos t Units $CDN Delin eation ( for sco ping ) Diam on d d ril ling $ 12 0 50 00 $ 6 00 ,0 00 Drill s up po rt (geo s, cam p, assay s, e tc.) $ 5 5 50 00 $ 2 75 ,0 00 Helico pt er su pp ort $ 17 5 50 00 $ 8 75 ,0 00 S ubto tal $ 1,75 0,0 00 S co ping study $ 1 ,75 0,00 0 1 $ 1 ,7 50 ,0 00
S ubtotal $ 1,7 50 ,0 00 T otal E agle One $ 3,5 00 ,0 00 AT 2 (Ea gle Tw o and B lackbi rd O ne) Delin eation ( for in it ia l resou rce est .) Diam on d d ril ling $ 12 0 50 00 $ 6 00 ,0 00 Drill s up po rt (geo s, cam p, assay s, e tc) $ 5 5 50 00 $ 2 75 ,0 00 Helico pt er su pp ort $ 17 5 50 00 $ 8 75 ,0 00 S ubtotal $ 1,7 50 ,0 00 Res ource Estima te (B B1 a nd Ea gle 2 ) $ 40 0,00 0 1 $ 4 00 ,0 00
S ubtotal $ 4 00 ,0 00 T otal AT2 $ 2,1 50 ,0 00 B lack bird Two Co ntinued explo ratio n Diam on d d ril ling $ 12 0 30 00 $ 3 60 ,0 00 Drill s up po rt (geo s, cam p, assay s, e tc.) $ 5 5 30 00 $ 1 65 ,0 00 Helico pt er su pp ort $ 17 5 30 00 $ 5 25 ,0 00 T otal BB2 $ 1,0 50 ,0 00 AT 12 C u -Ni-anoma ly Co ntinued explo ratio n Diam on d d ril ling $ 12 0 25 00 $ 3 00 ,0 00 Drill s up po rt (geo s, cam p, assay , etc.) $ 5 5 25 00 $ 1 37 ,5 00 Helico pt er su pp ort $ 17 5 25 00 $ 4 37 ,5 00 T otal AT12 $ 8 75 ,0 00 Anomaly Tes ti ng L in ecutti ng $ 6 5 0 2 00 $ 1 30 ,0 00 Geophys ical s urvey ing $ 500 2 00 $ 1 00 ,0 00 cam p su pp ort (geo ph ysics ) $ 25 0 2 00 $ 50 ,0 00 Heli s up po rt (geo ph ysi cs ) $ 1,50 0 1 00 $ 1 50 ,0 00 Drilli ng $ 1 2 0 40 00 $ 4 80 ,0 00 d r ill su pp ort (geos ,cam p, assay s, et c.) $ 5 5 40 00 $ 2 20 ,0 00 Heli s up po rt $ 1 7 5 40 00 $ 7 00 ,0 00 T otal A nomaly Tes ting $ 1,8 30 ,0 00 Airs trip a nd Cam p C o nstruction 1 $ 1,7 50 ,0 00 S ubtotal $ 1 1,1 55 ,00 0 C on tin gencies (10%) $ 1,1 15 ,50 0 T otal B udg et recom mended $ 1 2,2 70 ,5 00 T otal B udg et R ou nded Off $ 1 2,3 00,0 00 (1) Subject to permitting P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 58 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 19.0 REFERENCES Cullen, D., Brown, F., Sedore, L., 2007: Technical Report on the Shebandowan West Property Thunder Bay Mining Division Northwestern Ontario, prepared for North American Palladium. Duke, J.M. 1998: Mafic/ultramafic-hosted chromite; Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types, (ed.) O.R. Eckstrand, W.D. Sinclair, and R.I. Thorpe; Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, no. 8, p. 615-616 (also Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. P-1). Eckstrand, O.R. 1996: Magmatic nickel-copper-platinum group elements; Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types, (ed.) O.R. Eckstrand, W.D. Sinclair, and R.I. Thorpe; Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, no. 8, p. 583 (also Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. P-1). Ewert, W.D., 2008: Eagle One and Two Geological Model and Exploration Potential Update taken from Press Release titled “Noront Receives Assays from Earlier Holes and Significant Visuals from New holes at Eagle Two Occurrence,” dated May 27, 2008. Franklin, Dr. J.M., 2007: Preliminary Review of a VMS Occurrence, McFaulds Lake Area, N.W. Ontario, for Spider Resources. Franklin, J.M., 1996: Volcanic-associated massive sulphide base metals; Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types, (ed.) O.R. Eckstrand, W.D. Sinclair, and R.I. Thorpe; Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, no. 8, p. 158-183 (Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. P-1). Hogg, S. and Associates, 2003: Noront Resources Ltd. Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey McFaulds Lake - Northwestern Ontario Compilation and Interpretation Report. Hogg, S. and Associates, 2004: Noront Resources Ltd. Ground Magnetic and Horizontal Loop Electromagnetic Survey McFaulds Lake - Northwestern Ontario Compilation and Interpretation Report. Hogg, S. and Associates, 2006: Condor Diamond Corp Compilation and Interpretation Report Of a Ground Magnetic Survey In the McFaulds Lake Area, Northern Ontario. Hogg, S. and Associates, 2008: Interpretation Report On a Helicopter-Borne Electromagnetic and Magnetic Survey Carried out by Aeroquest Ltd. Under Contract to Billiken Management On behalf of Noront and Participating Companies McFaulds Lake Area, James Bay Lowlands Ontario, Canada. JVX Geophysical Surveys and Consulting, 2008: Report JVX 7-79 on HLEM and Magnetic Surveys, Double Eagle Project, Eagle One Discovery, McFaulds Lake Area, Ontario. Noront Resources Ltd. JVX Geophysical Surveys and Consulting, 2008: Report JVX 7-84 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 59 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 JVX Geophysical Surveys and Consulting, 2008: Logistical Report JVX08-01 on Magnetic/VLF, HLEM, Gravity and large loop TDEM Surveys Grid 1 - McFaulds Lake Area, Ontario Noront Resources Ltd. Lahti, Dr. H., 2008: Technical Report on the McFaulds Lake Project, Porcupine Mining Division, James Bay Lowland, Ontario, Canada, for UC Resources and Spider Resources. McKeough, M.A. 2008: Double Eagle Petrological Report. Internal Report for Noront Resources Ltd. Mungall, J.E., 2007: Report on a Field Visit to the Eagle One Deposit. Internal Report for Noront Resources. Mungall, J.E., February 2008: Report on a Field Visit to the McFaulds Lake Camp. Internal Report for Noront Resources. Mungall, J.E., May 2008: Report on a Field Visit to the McFaulds Lake Camp. Internal Report for Noront Resources. Mungall, J.E., July 2008: AT2 Chromitite Report. Internal Report for Noront Resources. Palmer, D., 2006: Noront Resources – Double Eagle Joint Venture Project, James Bay Lowlands, Report of Exploration 2006 on behalf of Probe Mines. Stott, G.M. 2007. Precambrian geology of the Hudson Bay and James Bay lowlands region interpreted from aeromagnetic data – east sheet; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3598, scale 1:500 000. Stott, G.M. 2007. Precambrian geology of the Hudson Bay and James Bay lowlands region interpreted from aeromagnetic data – west sheet; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3597, scale 1:500 000. Thomas, Roger D., 2004: Technical Report Spider #1 and #3 Projects, James Bay Joint Venture, James Bay, Ontario. Spider Resources and KWG Resources. Tremblay, Dr. M., Butler, H.: 2006: Technical (Geological) Report on the MacFayden Property, James Bay Lowlands, Porcupine Mining Division, Ontario, Canada, for KWG Resources. Voisey’s Bay Nickel, 2005: Developing New Nickel Resources, Voisey’s Bay Project. Presentation to the CIM, St. John’s NF. Exact author unknown. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 60 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 20.0 CERTIFICATES CERTIFICATE of AUTHOR TRACY J. ARMSTRONG, P.GEO. I, Tracy J. Armstrong, P.Geo., residing at 2007 Chemin Georgeville, res. 22, Magog, QC J1X 3W4, do hereby certify that: 1. I am an independent geological consultant contracted by P& E Mining Consultants Inc; 2. I am a graduate of Queen’s University at Kingston, Ontario with a B.Sc (HONS) in Geological Sciences (1982); 3. I am a geological consultant currently licensed by the Order of Geologists of Québec (License No. 566) and the Association of Professional Geoscientists of Ontario (License No. 1204); 4. I have worked as a geologist for a total of 22 years since obtaining my B.Sc. degree; 5. I am responsible for Sections 1 through 15, 17, and co-authored Section 18, as well as the overall structuring of the technical report titled Technical Report and Resource Estimate on the Eagle One Deposit, Double Eagle Project,
McFaulds Lake Area, James Bay Lowlands, Ontario,” and dated August 18, 2008, (the “Technical Report”); 6. I visited the Eagle One Deposit and the Double Eagle Property on April 8 and 9, 2008; 7. I have not had prior involvement with the Double Eagle Property that is the subject of this Technical Report. 8. As of the date of this certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading; 9. I have read the definition of “qualified person” set out in National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) and certify that by reason of my education and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101. This Technical Report is based on my personal review of information provided by the Noront Resources Ltd., (the “Issuer”) and on discussions with the Issuer’s representatives. My relevant experience for the purpose of the Technical Report is: • Underground production geologist, Agnico-Eagle Laronde Mine 1988-1993; • Exploration geologist, Laronde Mine 1993-1995; • Exploration coordinator, Placer Dome 1995-1997; • Senior Exploration Geologist, Barrick Exploration 1997-1998; • Exploration Manager, McWatters Mining 1998-2003; • Chief Geologist Sigma Mine 2003; • Consulting Geologist 2003-2008.
10. I am independent of the Issuer applying the test in Section 1.4 of NI 43-101; 11. I have read NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1 and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance therewith; 12. I consent to the filing of the Technical Report, including extracts therefrom and a summary thereof with any stock exchange and other regulatory authority and any publication by them or by the Issuer of the Technical Report for regulatory purposes, including electronic publication in the public company files on their websites accessible by the public. Effective date: July 3, 2008 Signing Date: August 14, 2008. {SIGNED AND SEALED} {“Tracy Armstrong”} ________________________________ Tracy J. Armstrong, P.Geo. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 61 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 CERTIFICATE of AUTHOR EUGENE J. PURITCH, P. ENG. I, Eugene J. Puritch, P. Eng., residing at 44 Turtlecreek Blvd., Brampton, Ontario, L6W 3X7, do hereby certify that: 1. I am an independent mining consultant contracted by Noront Resources Ltd., (the “Issuer”). 2. I am a graduate of The Haileybury School of Mines, with a Technologist Diploma in Mining, as well as obtaining an additional year of undergraduate education in Mine Engineering at Queen’s University. In addition I have also met the Professional Engineers of Ontario Academic Requirement Committee’s Examination requirement for Bachelor’s Degree in Engineering Equivalency. 3. I am a mining consultant currently licensed by the Professional Engineers of Ontario (License No. 100014010) and registered with the Ontario Association of Certified Engineering Technicians and Technologists as a Senior Engineering Technologist. I am also a member of the National and Toronto CIM. 4. I have practiced my profession continuously since 1978. My summarized career experience is as follows: - Mining Technologist - H.B.M.&S. and Inco Ltd. 1978-1980 - Open Pit Mine Engineer – Cassiar Asbestos/Brinco Ltd 1981-1983 - Pit Engineer/Drill & Blast Supervisor – Detour Lake Mine 1984-1986 - Self-Employed Mining Consultant – Timmins Area 1987-1988 - Mine Designer/Resource Estimator – Dynatec/CMD/Bharti 1989-1995 - Self-Employed Mining Consultant/Resource-Reserve Estimator 1995-2004 - President – P & E Mining Consultants Inc. 2004-Present 5. I have read the definition of “qualified person” set out in National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”) and certify that, by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association (as defined in NI 43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101. 6. I am jointly responsible for Section 16 and co-authored Section 18 of the Technical Report titled “Technical Report and Resource Estimate on the Eagle One Deposit, Double Eagle Property, McFaulds Lake Area, James Bay Lowlands, Ontario,” and dated August 18, 2008, (the “Technical Report”). 7. I have not had prior involvement with the property that is the subject of the Technical Report. 8. As of the date of this certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading; 9. I am independent of the Issuer applying the test in Section 1.4 of NI 43-101. 10. I have read NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1 and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance therewith. 11. I did not visit the Double Eagle Property or the Eagle One Deposit. 12. I consent to the filing of the Technical Report, including extracts therefrom and a summary thereof with any stock exchange and other regulatory authority and any publication by them or by the Issuer of the Technical Report for regulatory purposes, including electronic publication in the public company files on their websites accessible by the public. Effective date: July 3, 2008 Signing Date: August 14, 2008. {SIGNED AND SEALED} {“Eugene Puritch”} Eugene J. Puritch, P. Eng. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 62 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 CERTIFICATE of AUTHOR ANTOINE R. YASSA, P. GEO I, Antoine R. Yassa, P. Geo., residing at 241 Rang 6 West, Evain, Quebec, do hereby certify that: 1. I am an independent geological consultant contracted by P& E Mining Consultants Inc; 2. I am a graduate of Ottawa University at Ottawa, Ontario with a B.Sc (HONS) in Geological Sciences (1977); 3. I am a geological consultant currently licensed by the Order of Geologists of Québec (License No 224); 4. I have worked as a geologist for a total of 28 years since obtaining my B.Sc. degree; 5. I am responsible for co-authoring Section 16.0 of the technical report titled “Technical Report on the Eagle One Deposit, Double Eagle Property, McFaulds Lake Area, James Bay Lowlands, Ontario” and dated August 18, 2008, (the “Technical Report”); 6. I did not visit the Eagle One Deposit or the Double Eagle Property; 7. I have not had prior involvement with the Double Eagle Property that is the subject of this Technical Report. 8. As of the date of this certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading; 9. I have read the definition of "qualified person" set out in National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) and certify that by reason of my education and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a "qualified person" for the purposes of NI 43-101. This Technical Report is based on my personal review of information provided by Noront Resources Ltd., (the “Issuer”) and on discussions with the Issuer’s representatives. My relevant experience for the purpose of the Technical Report is: • Minex Geologist (Val d’Or), 3D Modeling (Timmins), Placer Dome 1993-1995; • Database Manager, Senior Geologist, West Africa, PDX, 1996-1998 • Senior Geologist, Database Manager, McWatters Mine 1998-2000; • Database Manager, Gemcom modeling and Resources Evaluation (Kiena Mine) QAQC Manager (Sigma
Open pit), McWatters Mines 2001-2003; • Database Manager and Resources Evaluation at Julietta Mine, Far-East Russia, Bema Gold Corporation,
2003-2006 • Consulting Geologist 2006.
10. I am independent of the Issuer applying the test in Section 1.4 of NI 43-101; 11. I have read NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1 and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance therewith; 12. I consent to the filing of the Technical Report, including extracts therefrom and a summary thereof with any stock exchange and other regulatory authority and any publication by them or by the Issuer of the Technical Report for regulatory purposes, including electronic publication in the public company files on their websites accessible by the public. Effective date: July 3, 2008 Signing Date: August 14, 2008. {SIGNED AND SEALED} {“Antoine Yassa”} Antoine R. Yassa, P.Geo. OGQ # 224 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 63 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 APPENDIX - I SURFACE DRILLHOLE PLAN P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 64 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. SURFACE DRILL PLAN Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One t
5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO SURFACE P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 65 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 APPENDIX - II 3D DOMAINS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 66 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 67 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 APPENDIX - III LOG NORMAL HISTOGRAMS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 68 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 69 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 70 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 71 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 72 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 73 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 74 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 APPENDIX - IV VARIOGRAMS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 75 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 76 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 77 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 78 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 79 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 80 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 APPENDIX - V Ni, Cu & NSR BLOCK MODEL CROSS SECTIONS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 81 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Ni BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3575 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 Ni % 150 EL 100 EL 50 EL 0 EL -50 EL 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,200 E 547,150 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 82 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3575 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS Cu % 1.0 - 2.0 0.5 - 1.0 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 + 5.0 2.0 - 5.0 150 EL 100 EL 50 EL 0 EL -50 EL 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,200 E 547,150 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 83 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3575 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS NSR C$/t $115 - $200 $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 +$500 $200 - $500 Deposi t 150 EL 100 EL 50 EL 0 EL -50 EL 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,200 E 547,150 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 84 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Ni BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3600 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 Ni % SURFACE -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 85 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3600 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS SURFACE 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 -50 EL Cu % 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 86 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3600 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS SURFACE $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 NSR C$/t $200 - $500 $115 - $200 +$500 -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 87 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3600 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS SURFACE $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 NSR C$/t $200 - $500 $115 - $200 +$500 -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 88 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3625 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 Cu % P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 89 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3625 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 NSR C$/t $200 - $500 $115 - $200 +$500 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 90 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Ni BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3650 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 Ni % 547,250 E 547,200 E 547,300 E 100 EL 150 EL 50 EL 0 EL -50 EL P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 91 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3650 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 547,250 E 547,200 E 547,300 E 100 EL 150 EL 50 EL 0 EL -50 EL 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 Cu % P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 92 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3650 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 NSR C$/t $200 - $500 $115 - $200 +$500 547,250 E 547,200 E 547,300 E 100 EL 150 EL 50 EL 0 EL -50 EL P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 93 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Ni BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3675 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 -50 EL Ni % 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E SURFACE P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 94 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3675 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 -50 EL Cu % 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E SURFACE P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 95 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3675 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 NSR C$/t $200 - $500 $115 - $200 +$500 -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E SURFACE P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 96 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 APPENDIX - VI Ni, Cu & NSR BLOCK MODEL PLANS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 97 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Ni BLOCK MODEL PLAN 150 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 Ni % P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 98 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL PLAN 150 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One t 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN 0.25 - 0.5 0.01 - 0.25 2.0 - 5.0 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 + 5.0 Cu % P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 99 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL PLAN 150 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One t
5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 $200 - $500 $115 - $200 NSR C$/t +$500 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 100 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Ni BLOCK MODEL PLAN 100 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN Ni % + 5.0 1.0 - 2.0 0.5 - 1.0 2.0 - 5.0 0.01 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 101 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL PLAN 100 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One t
5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN Cu % + 5.0 1.0 - 2.0 0.5 - 1.0 2.0 - 5.0 0.01 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 102 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL PLAN 100 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One t
5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 $200 - $500 $115 - $200 NSR C$/t +$500 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 103 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Ni BLOCK MODEL PLAN 50 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN Ni % + 5.0 1.0 - 2.0 0.5 - 1.0 2.0 - 5.0 0.01 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 104 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL PLAN 50 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN Cu % + 5.0 1.0 - 2.0 0.5 - 1.0 2.0 - 5.0 0.01 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 105 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL PLAN 50 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 $200 - $500 $115 - $200 NSR C$/t +$500 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 106 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Ni BLOCK MODEL PLAN 0 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One t
5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN Ni % + 5.0 1.0 - 2.0 0.5 - 1.0 2.0 - 5.0 0.01 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 107 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. Cu BLOCK MODEL PLAN 0 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One t
5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN Cu % + 5.0 1.0 - 2.0 0.5 - 1.0 2.0 - 5.0 0.01 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.5 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 108 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. NSR BLOCK MODEL PLAN 0 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One t
5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN $50 - $115 $0.01 - $50 $200 - $500 $115 - $200 NSR C$/t +$500 P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 109 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 APPENDIX - VII CLASSIFICATION BLOCK MODEL CROSS SECTIONS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 110 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3575 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t INFERRED CLASS INDICATED PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 150 EL 100 EL 50 EL 0 EL -50 EL 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,200 E 547,150 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 111 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3600 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t INFERRED CLASS INDICATED PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS SURFACE -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 112 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3625 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t INFERRED CLASS INDICATED PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 113 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES SURFACE OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3650 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t INFERRED CLASS INDICATED PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS 547,250 E 547,200 E 547,300 E 100 EL 150 EL 50 EL 0 EL -50 EL P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 114 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 0 25 50 METRES OVERBURDEN P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL SECTION 3675 N Scale 1:1,000 August 2008 Eagle One t INFERRED CLASS INDICATED PROJECTED TO SECTION DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MASSIVE SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS -50 EL 0 EL 50 EL 100 EL 150 EL 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E SURFACE P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 115 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 APPENDIX - VIII CLASSIFICATION BLOCK MODEL PLANS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 116 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL PLAN 150 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN INFERRED INDICATED CLASS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 117 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL PLAN 100 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN INFERRED INDICATED CLASS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 118 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL PLAN 50 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN INFERRED INDICATED CLASS P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Page 119 of 119 Eagle One Report No. 149 5,843,550 N 5,843,650 N 5,843,700 N 5,843,500 N 0 25 50 METRES 5,843,600 N P & E Mining Consultants Inc. CLASS BLOCK MODEL PLAN 0 EL Scale 1:1,250 August 2008 Eagle One Deposit 5,843,450 N 547,150 E 547,200 E 547,250 E 547,300 E 547,350 E MASSIVE SULPHIDE DISSEMINATED SULPHIDE MINERALIZED DOMAINS PROJECTED TO PLAN INFERRED INDICATED CLASS