In cases so intricate, such as the internal workings of a microchip, I can see the value of extrinsic evidence. Also the importance of claim construction. What baffles me is how these Judges could be so knowledgeable that they can understand and retain all the evidences in such a wide variety of cases they preside over. They certainly have to rely on extrinsic evidence to a great degree. Perhaps greater than they admitt? We have some good minds disecting this case. Judge Ward is one man on many cases. How does he keep up with it? He certainly has to educate himself as he goes along.

Which brings up a good point. Would he disallow the expert testimony of an author that he frequently