Well, I’ll be the 1st to admit this is a tricky one to read – mostly because the English is so bad. Because of the confused tenses in many places, I sometimes had trouble distinguishing what has been done in the past vs what’s going on now. With that in mind, here’s my best take.

So this is a lab study, not a clinical trial. It seems their big question was to determine if TI is a permeation enhancer. In other words, does it deliver insulin to the pulmonary cells by making them more permeable? Their premise is that increasing the permeability will cause damage to the cells and cause pulmonary dysfunction.

I won’t go into their methodology – not my area of expertise. So I will assume it’s valid. Their conclusions are that TI:

·Does not damage cell integrity

·Doesn’t impair cell proliferation (ability to replace itself)

·Doesn’t damage the tight junctions (things that hold the cells together)

·Doesn’t harm the pulmonary system

So – TI is not a permeation enhancer.

I don’t know if MNKD did any basic science studies in this area. You would think they have done something. But I really don’t have any desire to go looking far back into the literature. Besides, it’s a beautiful day here (not hot/humid and not raining) – something we have not had all summer – so I’m going to enjoy it!

What I find curious is this coming out of India… Not sure of the source of funding for this research… Not sure of the agenda. Are they gearing up for approval there? Not the most earth-shattering publication; just raises a lot of questions.