I never said a child's upbringing has no outcome as to what they turn out to be later in life. That's what you read and put in my mouth. I said in the particular case of the recent shootings, him being "spanked or not" likely had very little to do with what happened.

I used to work in a developmental lab and a social neuroscience lab in university, and majored in mental health and neuroscience at UofT. I'm very well aware of the influences of biology, environment, epigenetics and the interaction between the three as well as both older and newer literature on the subject.